Essay --

It is noticed that science develops in splashes, each significantly advancing our understanding of the nature. The 19th century was the time of rapid development of microbiology. In the search for secrets of nature science has reached extremely high and low energies as well as large and small length scales. Still until recently we knew very little about one of the most complex aspects of life – microbes and infection. Now we are at the dawn of efflorescence in molecular biology, which provides an excellent basis for application into several areas of biology like cancer and virology . Revelations of molecular biology become extremely crucial, as they provide insights into the way molecules work. Having completed an inspiring five-year course in veterinary sciences,1993-1999 from college of veterinary and animal sciences ,and completing DVM, I would like to continue my pursuit of knowledge and do a dissertation in Virology. This would give me build the strong knowledge base that I desire and a strong expertise in field that I wish to specialize. The past few decades have witnessed rapid advance in the area of virology and molecular biology. The objective of virology is to make life meaningful and to alleviate human and animal ailments caused by these dreadful pathogens . I am keen to be an integral part of this effort. For this, along with an in-depth knowledge of the subject, experience in cutting edge research and hands on experience in real time applications would be of prime importance . In today’s world, microbial sciences has attained such high status due its impact in the day to day life of humanity as a whole.. My interest in the role of microbes and viruses began from UG classes (1993-1999) wherein professors taught us... ...ape me to be a thinker and a learner. The world is literally becoming a global village where opportunities for learning are transcending physical boundaries. In a connected world, Indian knowledge workers are increasingly contributing to the global work force. International education will give me the training and the competence to meet global clients. I look forward to being an active contributing member of the student community at your University. After basic education, I have developed a strong urge to attain academic excellence and to engage in research in the field of virology. I strongly feel that an MS from a reputed university will help me achieve my goal. United States will offer me a very conducive atmosphere for research and development.t I am eagerly awaiting for admission from your esteemed university and embark for my future journey in this field. Essay -- It is noticed that science develops in splashes, each significantly advancing our understanding of the nature. The 19th century was the time of rapid development of microbiology. In the search for secrets of nature science has reached extremely high and low energies as well as large and small length scales. Still until recently we knew very little about one of the most complex aspects of life – microbes and infection. Now we are at the dawn of efflorescence in molecular biology, which provides an excellent basis for application into several areas of biology like cancer and virology . Revelations of molecular biology become extremely crucial, as they provide insights into the way molecules work. Having completed an inspiring five-year course in veterinary sciences,1993-1999 from college of veterinary and animal sciences ,and completing DVM, I would like to continue my pursuit of knowledge and do a dissertation in Virology. This would give me build the strong knowledge base that I desire and a strong expertise in field that I wish to specialize. The past few decades have witnessed rapid advance in the area of virology and molecular biology. The objective of virology is to make life meaningful and to alleviate human and animal ailments caused by these dreadful pathogens . I am keen to be an integral part of this effort. For this, along with an in-depth knowledge of the subject, experience in cutting edge research and hands on experience in real time applications would be of prime importance . In today’s world, microbial sciences has attained such high status due its impact in the day to day life of humanity as a whole.. My interest in the role of microbes and viruses began from UG classes (1993-1999) wherein professors taught us... ...ape me to be a thinker and a learner. The world is literally becoming a global village where opportunities for learning are transcending physical boundaries. In a connected world, Indian knowledge workers are increasingly contributing to the global work force. International education will give me the training and the competence to meet global clients. I look forward to being an active contributing member of the student community at your University. After basic education, I have developed a strong urge to attain academic excellence and to engage in research in the field of virology. I strongly feel that an MS from a reputed university will help me achieve my goal. United States will offer me a very conducive atmosphere for research and development.t I am eagerly awaiting for admission from your esteemed university and embark for my future journey in this field.

Hoebel, The Cheyennes: Indians Of The Great Plains Essay

E. Adamson Hoebel’s The Cheyennes: Indians of the Great Plains is a detailed, comprehensive ethnographic study of the tribe’s beliefs, practices, and adaptation to their harsh environment. Though not the strongest Plains people, the Cheyenne used their strengths to overcome their obstacles and maintain a cohesive, stable culture. A sedentary village culture of the Algonquian language family, the Cheyenne moved from the upper Mississippi valley to the high plains of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming around 1800 to escape the hostilities of the neighboring Lakota (5). Their settled ways were disrupted and they became horse-riding and nomadic, leaving behind their village ways. Hoebel depicts their culture as structured yet flexible, â€Å"rational and skilled in cultural adaptation† (103), and geared toward internal harmony as a means of maintaining cohesion. The harsh plains environment, with extreme weather and little water or wood, â€Å"is the essential ecological fact controlling the Cheyenne† (63). They adapted to this by becoming mobile, moving according to where resources could be easily obtained, mastering their gathering, hunting, and trading skills over a wide area, and relying heavily on horses. Their religion is hierarchical, with being at all levels endowed with spiritual powers. Spirits can manifest in human form and their attributes lie in their knowledge of how to operate within the universe. Hoebel writes that the Cheyenne believe â€Å"the universe if essentially a mechanical system which is good in essence, but which must be properly understood and used to keep it producing what humans need† (89). They see the universe mechanically, with spirits responding somewhat predictably according to human acts. To survive in their dry grassland environment, the Cheyenne divided their labor rigidly along gender lines. The women gathered roots, berries, and seeds while also foraging for wood, raising and mending tipis, while the men hunted big game (mainly bison, antelope, and elk) for meat and smaller animals (wolves and fox) for fur. Gender roles govern not only labor, but also most areas of Cheyenne social life. Males and females generally stop mixed-sex socializing at adolescence, and males join any of five military clubs once they reach fighting age, while women have only the Robe Quillers (an outgrowth of their role as makers of clothing). However, some deviation exists – â€Å"Contraries† become transvestites while overdoing the warrior role, while â€Å"halfmen-halfwomen† are homosexual. (Both are isolated yet tolerated. ) The Cheyenne economic system relied heavily on trade, though because of their location on the high plains they had limited access to many traders. They often served as intermediaries between poorer and richer tribes, traveled great distances to trade their meat and vegetable goods (as well as robes and leather goods) for more food, as well as ornamental items like beads and silver jewelry. Their most important commodity was the horse, often acquired in trade or stolen from enemies in raids. Cheyenne politics were organized by family, kindred, and band, and governed by the tribal council, where power lay â€Å"not in the hands of aggressive war leaders but under the control of even-tempered peace chiefs† (43). Composed mainly of older men elected for ten-year terms, the council worked to resolve internal conflicts, which were considered more threatening than war, and had a nearly supernatural authority. A head priest-chief (the Sweet Medicine Chief) and five medicine chiefs presided and had control over most rituals. Hoebel’s study examines most major areas of the Cheyennes’ lives and depicts them as a tribe that survived not by overwhelming power, but by adapting well to a demanding environment, trading as well as possible, and maintaining internal harmony and stability. Hoebel, E. Adamson. The Cheyennes: Indians of the Great Plains. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978.

Negative Impacts Of Nationalism - 1408 Words

The Nationalist movement began during French Revolution when country men rallied together to go to war against Communism. Nationalism was invented in Europe by intellectuals who were inspired by Napoleons conquest. This ideology to changed people’s perspective about what their country meant to them. Unified States such as Italy, Germany were created during a great migration that formed unified states. Instead of the smaller societies people once lived in became a nation of individuals in certain countries that they could call their own. Nationalism has also helped in the improvement of incomes and education by helping those citizens to come together for a common good. The negative impacts of nationalism is the imposing of views on other†¦show more content†¦These countries sought the right to have their own established entity and through this imperialism spread. Europeans felt a sense of entitlement over other nations. They chose to impose their views whenever they co nquered other societies. The 19th century Europe sent missionaries to use Christianity as means to conquer African people. Missionaries used a conversion process to build schools, hospitals, and teach english to the native people. Christianity was used to gain trust of the people in order to impose Europe ideologies on local customs. Even today you can still see the influences of western culture in many parts of the world. The most significant part of globalization is the ability to introduce new cultural ideas into others. Portugal was the first in its efforts to impose imperialism in modern day Brazil. It was used as a port to Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The discovery of sugar lands and gold was given to the Portugal King by his nobles. They enslaved not only the indigenous people of the land but eventually imported Africans because the demand for sugar cane was so great. Once sugar became too competitive of a market, they reverted to gold that was found in Menius Gerias, Brazil. This created the first gold rush. Portugal and Britain soon found an uneven alliance in which Britain was entitled to the same right as Portugal. Portugal imposed imperialism on Brazil by gaining useful resources to advance their own society. The relationship ofShow MoreRelatedNationalism And Democracy Are Intertwined Within The State1491 Words   |  6 PagesNationalism and democracy often are co-existent with each other at any time within the state. These interactions that they have with each other culminate in both benefits and problems for society, or sometimes produce a neutral reaction. This essay will explore these interactions that could either be beneficial, detrimental, or neutral in the ways that nationalism and democracy are intertwined within the state. The important notion that nationalism brings to democracy is the concept of conflictRead MoreThe Quiet Revolution and its Negative Impact on Quebec1598 Words   |  7 PagesIn Canadian history, nationalism and sovereignty tend to be common themes prevalent since Confederation. A well-known example of this in Quebec was during the Quiet Revolution which strengthened the need for change through Premier Lesage’s reforms and in turn, developed a strong sense of nationalism in Quebec. In contrast to beliefs that the rapid modernization of the Quiet Revolution had a positive impact on Quebec, it rather had a negative impact on Quebec and its citizens and identity. The threeRead MoreAccess the Importance of the Importance of the Geneva Peace Agreement to the Developments Within North Vietnam to 1964.795 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding economic development through the growing nationalism in North Vietnam, political developments through political ineptitude and corruption in South Vi etnam and social changes through growing education rates in North Vietnam and social upheaval in South Vietnam that were triggered through the nature of the Agreement. These developments show the considerable importance of the Geneva Peace Agreement having both positive and negative impacts on developments of Vietnam acting as direct consequenceRead MoreThe Impact Of Nationalism1325 Words   |  6 Pages Nationalism is a sense of putting one’s country before themselves and everything else due to common cultures, languages and other customs. It has been a part of the way modern history has been shaped since the late 18th century with Napoleon, all the way to present day. As one historian wrote, Nationalism is a â€Å"Political outlook†¦that a nation is composed of people who are joined together by the bonds of a common language†¦customs, culture, and history† (9/13/17). Nationalism has shaped the historyRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration : John Winthrop1546 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesthese savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples.† (Crosby, Alfred W.) The Age of Exploration, (and Exploitation) brought an era of racism, nationalism, and ideals of superiority to the New World. Initially a beneficial concept, promoting trade and discovery quickly took a turn for the worst following Columbus’ arrival to Hispaà ±ola. The arrival of Europeans brought the ideas of conquest and greedRead MoreThe Importance Of Nationalism1434 Words   |  6 Pages Nationalism is a political ideology that has been around since the 19th century, the idea of nationalism stands for the nation-state and the love for the nation-state. It is able to bind different members of society within a certain geographical location to form a stronger bond and give the nation a sense of belonging and identity. Nationalism has been one of the most influential and powerful forces of the twentieth century because nationalism helps bring people together that share a similar languageRead MoreGerman Historian, By Heinrich Von Treitschke1230 Words   |  5 PagesGerman historian, argued that Germans should view nationalism as the ideology to live by. Whether it involved having to fight in wars or allowing the monarchy to obtain the majority of the power, Germans had to do what is right for the country. Treitschke argued that if Germany was going to thrive among other countries, the people of Germany had to accept the fact that not all races are created equal. These ideologies proved to have a significant impact in the twentieth century due to the fact that HitlerRead MorePolitics And State : Government And Politics1239 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational sphere. Often used interchangeably these words are not the same. Nation and state are two distinct words, but state is the only word that does not have a definite origin. However, both words have been given power through the toxic idea of nationalism. Nation and state are two critical terms in the study of politics and it is vital that people are well informed about them. Although these terms have different meanings in each country, nation and state have two distinct meanings when discussingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Globalization1552 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization has negative and positive effects that impact all levels of everyday operations from the international community through regions to individuals. Some oppose the changes it brings, some turn it to their benefit. The latest globalization wave carrying American values hit the Arab Spring particularly hard. The fight against conformation to American values intensified Jihad movements through terrorism against the Western world. Terrorist groups were able to utilize the same communicationRead MoreNationalism And The National Mold Of The Majority Faction957 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction When Americans think of nationalism, most conjecture visions of high-flying flags, soldiers returning from war, and a montage of red, white and blue. Some envision fireworks on the Fourth of July, or a hometown parade on Memorial Day. To many, the term â€Å"nationalism,† is just a synonym for â€Å"patriotism,† or the emotional allegiance one feels to his or her country. But in fact, nationalism carries a wholly different meaning, one that has earned a negative connotation especially over the past

The Ethics Of Living Jim Crow - 865 Words

draft The Jim Crow Laws, that enforced racist segregation, were abolished 1964. Racism was not. Turn on the news today and you will most likely see something related to some sort of racist act. Police brutality with racism is a huge social injustice issue right now and we can see today how people of color are effected through campaigns such as â€Å"Black Lives Matter.† After reading the two essays and doing a little research on Jim Crow, it was extremely evident how those laws deeply affected those affected by them and I still see this as an issue today. I think that it is crucial to understand that these laws indirectly still affect people to this day, even after being abolished years and years ago. In Richard Writes essay, The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: an Autobiographical Sketch, we see him struggle just doing daily activities in his life. Although the Jim Crow laws are no longer in place, it does not mean that it does not have an effect on todays world and racism is still very alive and well today and that is an issue that needs to be solved in todays society. Relevant today, relevant yesterday, relevant 50 years ago. The Jim Crow Laws essentially legalized racism. Primarily enforced in the southern states, between 1877-164, the Jim Crow were more than just laws, it was to a greater extent the norm. African Americas were no more than second class citizens. Some of these laws went to the extreme of a black man not being able to shake the hand of a white man, because thatShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1746 Words   |  7 Pageschange, which involves beliefs, attitude, actions, change of heart, etc. The topic of â€Å"Child Psychology† is shown in the stories â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† and â€Å"Big Boy Leaves Home†, through how the personalities of the main characters change due to the experiences they go through and the situations that they are exposed to. In the story â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† by Richard Wright, the topic of â€Å"Child Psychology† is shown through the narrator’s early events of his life. As described in theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagespresent when a black man wanted to defend his wife or child against random acts of racial violence? This was the insanity of the Jim Crow South and Wright makes an effort to explain how he coped with blatant racism as he grew into adulthood. Further along in â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the writer had developed a deeper knowledge of the pervasiveness nature of Jim Crow. It wouldn’t only affect him solely during his childhood in Arkansas, but also in his places of employment as well. Wright givesRead MoreThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1508 Words   |  7 Pagesregulations. People of color have been inferior to the white race for centuries. In their own way Zora Neale Hurston shows this concept in her story â€Å"How it feels to be Colored Me† as does Richard Wright in his autobiographical sketch â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†. At the beginning of the essay Hurston opens up with the statement that she is colored and that she offers no extenuating circumstances to the fact except that she is the only Negro in the U.S. whose grandfather was not an Indian chief.Read MoreThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1770 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Uncle Tom’s Children† by Richard Wright, many topics are covered through it’s different stories, such as racism, prejudice, law and order, etc. The topic of Child Psychology is highly displayed in the two of the stories, which are â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† and â€Å"Big Boy Leaves Home†. Child Psychology is a branch of Psychology that focuses on the study of the mental and social developments of children. As the events of the stories unfold, we are able to see how the main characters’ personalitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Dutchman And The Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1518 Words   |  7 Pages When analyzing the works â€Å"D utchman† and â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† the message the authors are trying to convey become clear through their effects on the reader. In my essay I will explain how the authors use literary terms to help the reader gain a better knowledge in their work. In Amira Baraka’s work â€Å"Dutchman† symbolism has a major effect on the overall message as a whole. Although, we see many forms of symbolism there are two that really jump out to me. First, when LulaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou And The Ethics Of Living Jim Crow Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesmany African-Americans like Maya Angelou and Richard Wright were put through extreme racism and segregation. Both of these writers shared their experiences through their excerpts I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou and â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch by Richard Wright. The excerpt written by Angelou was written about the time when she was a young child about the age of three, while the excerpt written by Wright was written about him becoming a young adultRead MoreQuest for Manhood Malcolm X1086 Words   |  5 Pagesof Malcolm X, â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†,  "The Man Who Killed a Shadow†, and â€Å"Almos’ a Man† all deal with African American boys and them becoming true men. The literature of Richard Wright and Malcolm X illustrate how African American males encountered much difficulty in asserting their manhood while living within the racist society of the 1930’s and 1940’s. Racism denied African American males the opportunity to gain economic power. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young AfricanRead MoreThe Jim Crow Laws : The Challenges Of The Jim Crow Laws1099 Words   |  5 Pagessegregation laws known as the Jim Crow Laws dominated the United States, specifically in the South. These laws required schools, parks, libraries, forms of public transportation and even drinking fountains to be segregated into â€Å"Whites Only† and â€Å"Coloreds†. Although the Jim Crow Laws intended to treat blacks â€Å"separate but equal†, blacks received poorer conditions in their public facilities, were denied the right to vote and were treated with no respect from the whites (Jim Crow Laws). In Richard Wright’sRead More A Comparison of Violence in Living Jim Crow, Incident, and Blood burning moon890 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in Living Jim Crow, Incident, and Blood burning moon      Ã‚   Violence seems to be quite a common topic in black American literature of the first decades of the 20th century. One major reason for this is probably that it was important for black authors not to be quiet about the injustices being done to them. The violence described in the texts is not only of the physical kind, but also psychological: the constant harassment and terrorising. The ever-present violence had such an effectRead MoreOppression Of Women And Minority People921 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween two completely different neighborhoods. One side of track is a nice and rich people living while on the other side, is filled with poor and dirty people living. This is oppressive harm because the rich neighborhood will have nicer park and better school filled with many good teachers. While, on the opposite side of neighborhood cannot afford a nice and safe park because of the majority of poor people living there. Goes same with educational system, they do not have enough mon ey to provide a safe

Bureaurcracy Pathologies - 953 Words

There are many pathologies present in the American bureaucracy and bureaucratic agencies. The major pathologies are red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste. Each of these pathologies had at least some sort of roots in the case of the 9/11/01 terrorist attack. Had these pathologies not been prominent in the pre-9/11 bureaucratic government, it is very likely that our intelligence communities would not have failed to detect the terrorists. The first and quite possibly the most prominent pathology is known as the red tape pathology. Red tape results from all of the complex rules and procedures that must be done in order to get anything done. Although these rules and procedures are often necessary to maintain order and†¦show more content†¦Agencies such as the FBI would work solely to obtain more information with its own prestige being its own priority, and would thus not pool its information with other sources to allow America to effectively plan for a terr orist attack. Also, because of each agency trying to promote itself, many agencies ended up doing the same thing, which was a waste of time and money. Finally, the last bureaucratic pathology is known as waste. Waste specifically means spending more than is necessary to buy some product or service. This was a major issue in the pre-9/11 world because of the rules of government revenue sharing. When a government gives an agency a certain amount of money, all the money that the agency does not use goes back to the national treasury. Because of this, agencies see no point in saving any money, and just spend all they want without restriction. Money that could have been used to efficiently gather information and that could have helped prevent an attack was thus wasted, and this need not have been the case. Red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste all helped contribute to the United States government s inability to prevent a terrorist attack on 9/11/01. All of these are pathologies that hinder the ability of the bureaucracy in America to run effectively, and this is evident in the terrorist attacks that this nation has faced. In fact, the 9/11 attacks are a perfect example of how serious an issue theseShow MoreRelated Bureaurcracy Pathologies Essay933 Words   |  4 Pages There are many pathologies present in the American bureaucracy and bureaucratic agencies. The major pathologies are red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste. Each of these pathologies had at least some sort of roots in the case of the 9/11/01 terrorist attack. Had these pathologies not been prominent in the pre-9/11 bureaucratic government, it is very likely that our intelligence communities would not have failed to detect the terrorists. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first and

Reality Television Free Essays

Reality television has strong influence and damaging effects on our society. But let’s face it, we feed on the drama. We love to absorb another life other than our own. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Television or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with it comes the misconception of reality which distorts how one believes they have to behave to gain fame or attention. Reality television is bad for culture because it only elevates money, beauty, and fame above other qualities by promoting inappropriate behavior such as bullying, casual sex, alcohol abuse and bad language. The media plays a major role in selling this trash in order to increase revenue. Reality tv has a strong impact on our society because it distorts our view of reality. It pollutes our minds with Knowledge, attitudes, values, and behavior that are influenced by exposure to reality television and deemed acceptable by society. Our culture serves up degradation as a form of entertainment. Such shows incorporate inappropriate behavior such as bullying, scheming, and manipulating in order to get ahead or get the guy/girl. This is extremely harmful to children and teens because at this age they are seeking out their personal identities and starting to develop relationships with family, friends, and the opposite sex. They indentify with the media for what’s cool and look up to these public figures for how they should act, dress, talk etc. One example how these shows are negative would be MTVs Parental control, where the parents are unhappy with their child’s current choice of whom in which they’re dating. So, they get to choose who they assume would be a better choice for their child. While doing so, their current significant watches as they bf/gf go on a dates with their parent’s choices. This usually results in disrespect and bad mouthing to the parents from the current bf/gf. Some of the stuff is appalling that is said and sexually suggested to a teen audience. Not only do these shows encourage inappropriateness it creates drama because drama creates attention that we all crave at times. Other shows spotlight this lavish lifestyle and make the common person believe that they do can live this life if they model these infamous characters behavior and they too can receive stardom for random careless acts. It mainly bases stardom on physical appearance and how far you will go for the prize whether it be 100,000 or the rich husband. It makes us all superficial, materialistic and really unrealistic. Fall in love in 8 weeks, give me a break. But it’s entertaining and does suck us in. The contestants on these shows contribute to the ideology of competitive elements and stereotyping over working. What kid would want to go to school if he could party all day and have a rich bf gf and receive fame for it as well. I think we all seek another unrealistic lifestyle and these reality shows are giving our youth the message that if they act according they may too receive fame. Although, such shows demonstrate negative values ans are corrupting our youth and perception on things, the media is making money and doesn’t see these shows as negative only a positive asset to their bank account. The media has definitely altered the baseline of civility because money rules all things. The cost for these shows and their content are nothing but cheap. According to a recent article by Laurie Hibberd, she suggests cost has much to do with it. Reality shows cost an average of 400,00 to produce and gain up to 2 million for a dramatic series (Hibberd2002. It’s the less expensive option and ratings sky high , why wouldn’t; they keep these drama on the air. They may lack moral and values but big companies are not bothered by this only bothered by financial gain. Also big companies and organizations back these productions up with service or merchandise. Their only motive is to market their products and services, not to improve quality of programs. For in stance, a clothing label may give out merchandise hoping this may promote their brand. If the reality stars are wearing it, the kids will want to wear it as well. They don’t care what else the show may promote as long as its promoting their brand and resulting in an increase in sales. Reality television I believe has such a negative impact on society because it makes us believe that we can see ourselves on tv. That if we fit the profile that we too may receive stardom. But on the same not it makes us believe that our lives aren’t normal and maybe even boring which may even cause more drama in our life. Also, the media’s interest in making money is a contributing factor to wht such behavior these shows represent are coming into the norm. How to cite Reality Television, Essay examples Reality Television Free Essays In the year 1992 a new idea was introduced to America and it was called reality television. MTV produced a show called, The Real World that had seven strangers living in a house together and had everything they did filmed. After many failed attempts at trying to make this reality trend catch on, CBS launched Survivor, which pioneered the way for all reality shows to follow in the next decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Television or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a show about people battling it out in two separate tribes to their wits end in the jungle and it spread like wildfire across America. Survivor premiere debuted to 28 million viewers and is still on today, a decade and 21 seasons later (McCraley). Reality television did not have the power to tip and become an epidemic until producers began to use clever marketing strategies to bring Survivor to the mass of America. It has been almost twenty years since MTV first attempted to air The Real World with hopes of creating a new type of television America would love. First broadcasted in 1992 it is now the longest running show in MTV’s history and is currently on its twenty-fifth season. It is credited with being the first reality television show aired but it was not the first to grasp America and change the way we watch television. Reality television’s first big tipping point came the night Survivor premiered in May of 2000 on CBS and producers were beyond ecstatic when receiving the numbers the next day of viewers that tuned in (Metz par. 1). An epidemic had begun and it was here to stay. The American Survivor was derived from the Swedish version of the same show but only the first season of America’s Survivor had the same format. Throughout the seasons the producers have added new twists, turns, and contests. The United States version of Survivor is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst (Metz par. 1). This one single show caught the eyes of millions of Americans and since then all of our basic channels have been flooded with what we call ‘reality’ television. The format and concepts have changed drastically but there still seems to be a demand for reality television so producers will continue to come up with new ideas until America no longer seems to show interest. Reality television has become a constant target for controversy and complaints but seems to be one of those things we either love to hate or hate to love. Reality television that used to just be fun competition has turned into pregnant teenagers, partying Guidos, rich kids in Los Angeles or eight roommates all sleeping with each other in one house. Each one of these presents obvious controversy for the public eye but the producers do this for a reason. If there is nothing to talk about then no one will talk. The more buzz a producer can build about their show the more people will want to watch (King par. 2). Reality television producers seem to have a certain niche for stirring up as much debate and controversy as they can. As ridiculous as reality television shows have recently become with at least 6 different ones all involving competition of baking the perfect cake, Americans are what propel this industry. We continually watch them and keep their ratings up so they are beginning to take over other shows such as sitcoms and dramas. Some reality television shows are even getting signed for more seasons than non-reality shows are receiving. Survivor and The Real World being prime examples, both having over twenty seasons of airtime (Metz par. ). It is not a question of whether or not reality television is or is not an epidemic, it is a question of how did Survivor manage to turn this industry around and make everyone fall in love with it. The gist of Survivor goes a little something like this; the show starts with sixteen average Americans who are brought to a remote island to fend for themselves. The island is usually a very unforgiving place with no modern conveniences. The sixteen individuals are divided into two teams. Every few days, one of the teams gathers at a tribal council and votes someone off the island. You can gain immunity by winning the challenges, which are very fun and interesting to watch. Once a total of six people remain the tribes merge. After this, it is every person for him or herself. The last Survivor at the end wins one million dollars (Charkow). It is all about who will make just the right alliances and just the right enemies in order to take home the money. Over the past years connecting with people on common interests has become an important aspect of living. Reality TV allows us to do just that; we can watch a show Monday night and then have something to talk about the next day at work or school. We can have a common interest with someone without really having to like the same things. Curiosity also plays a role in our obsession with this trend, viewers will imagine themselves in these certain situations and think how they would react but the difference is the viewers get to watch from afar and not have any consequences for what they might choose (Hotchkiss par. 2). Reality television has completely changed the entertainment industry in that it creates a fun way to follow these participants and since they are real people with real conflicts their lives matter to us. This seems to be one reason surrounding why reality television has become so captivating for America and just why it is undeniably here to stay for the long haul. So what exactly did Survivor have that managed to captivate America and keep us here? Unpredictability with relatability (Crum). Each week there were these normal human beings performing risky tasks unknowing if they were going to be sent home the following week. Americans began to watch, found their favorite contestants, and had to stay to make sure they made it until the end. Survivor producers also knew when creating this show the factor of relatability would play a major role. By taking normal human beings that are not trained actors, viewers begin to realize they may personally know one of the contestants or at least know them through the six degrees of separation. Even if they do not somehow know a contestant there is always one that they can relate to and connect with. When a viewer has a personal connection in a show it makes them want to invest more and they are willing to dedicate an hour of their time each week to tune in and see how their favorites are doing (Yazbek). Producers and casting directors thrived off of this concept of relatability. Each and every contestant is different in some way that producers believe will reach a vast majority of viewers in America. If there is a contestant representing each main demographic there is at least one person for almost everyone to connect with and want to root for. Once the viewers lock in their favorites they religiously watch Survivor in order to check up and make sure their contestant is still in and surviving. This is what helped Survivor manage to tip the reality trend (McCraley). The casting directors and producers knew exactly what to look for in the contestants they choose and they chose perfectly. America originally tuned in for Survivor’s first premiere because they did not know what to expect from these ordinary people getting their own television show and Survivor’s marketing team created a hype that was able to draw in over 28 million viewers for the first time (Metz par. 1). Dr. Kathleen King, who is a motivational keynote speaker, believes that Survivor uses their contestants as characters as a marketing strategy. If situations can’t be resolved in a timely manner, people grow frustrated and bored with them. Our brain starts telling us, through our emotions, that it is time to move on. For a show to be successful, it has to introduce a parade of situations, just like real life would. So, how does a show keep us engaged in between situations? What keeps us tuned in? The characters . Characters are what we connect to. Characters engage us at a completely different level than situations. Situations are an intellectual challenge. Characters create emotional bonds. We care what happens to them (King). This caring, this connection, provides the emotional overtones that keep the situations of Survivor consistently interesting. Americans instantly fell in love with this nail-biting reality show as soon as it made its debut. From the get-go producers created characters that they knew America would fall in love with, each for different reasons. Although Survivor is not scripted certain teams are paired together and certain scenes may be edited in hopes of causing a stir with viewers. Producers create good and bad controversy to evoke emotions from their viewers. Once you are able to pull at the heartstrings of your viewers and have them emotionally involved with your characters you can create a true bond (Morrison par. ). Survivor made viewers fall in love with certain characters so when they were backstabbed or voted off they felt emotions for them. They would continue to watch so they knew exactly how their season would end and who took the winning spot of someone they wished would have won or stuck with their favorites until they would win (Hotchkiss par. 2). This level of emotional connection created a st ickiness factor that helped Survivor stay with its viewers. One more reason Survivor has lasted so long and continually intrigued viewers is they way it is shot. A reality show’s segment producers or story editors usually assemble storyboards and shooting scripts, which are important tools for shaping the direction of the show. In the TV sitcom and drama world, these people would be known as writers. Unlike writers, the Writers Guild of America does generally not recognize them and so they are not union employees. This distinction could be seen as a disservice to the segment producers and story editors, but it benefits the show in that it lowers production costs and it helps preserve the idea that the shows are real and unscripted. It also allows reality shows to keep on rolling when a writer strike hits, like it did in fall 2007. Many reality show staffers have contested the distinction in ongoing court cases since 2005 (Poniewozik par. 2). Reality shows typically do not have scripts, but there is often a shooting script or an outline that details aspects of an episode or part of the show. For example, it can set up a specific challenge for the contestants on Survivor. A shooting script could also create conflict between some of the participants by pairing specific people as roommates or partners. Producers create shooting scripts with viewers in mind thinking about what they might like to see and what would make them stay tuned. In extreme cases, a shooting script might include a storyboard, which is a visual representation of the concept that physically illustrates what will occur in a scene (Metz par. 2). Ultimately, reality producers and editors have a lot of control over what happens on the show, just by the sheer fact that they have put the people together in certain situations, and they are controlling what footage gets aired and what does not. If Survivor were just a 24/7 camera on contestants living in the jungle viewers would get bored. Producers pick and choose the best material and content to air because obviously America does not want to watch strangers sleeping or eating their food, they want to see conflict, emotion, and turmoil. If it were not for Survivor we would never know if some other show would have had the power to tip the reality television trend. Thanks to Survivor, its stickiness factor, and its relatability we will never have to worry about that. Survivor paved the way for the majority of America’s favorite television shows we watch today and opened doors for a new format of television programming. There is no way to tell how long reality television is here to stay but at the rate it is going, it seems like it will be putting up a fight until America stops watching. After all, reality television would not have already lasted this long if it wasn’t a survivor. 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Business Ethics Assignment

Questions: 1. What conflicts of interest have you personally experienced in personal or professional roles? 2. If you perceive a potential conflict for yourself, what are some ways you might ensure that this conflict doesnt lead to unethical behavior for you and others? 3. When have others conflicts of interest impacted how you or those you know were treated? 4. What types of policies can or do organizations implement to try to reduce conflicts of interest or their costs? Answers: Activity 1: Conflict of Interest Personally, the instance where I have experienced some form of conflict of interest is when am assigned a particular task in class, and I am the acting head of the group. I may tend to select some group members who are brighter and more proficient in class and leave out any individual who may seem to be lagging my group behind. All this is as a result of the aspect of conflict of interest which is brought about by me trying to get higher grades when it comes to class activities. Tackling the issue of interest of conflict the ways that I can manage it is by implementing a robust conflict interest policy that can be effective and efficient in lowering the levels of conflict of interest in my case. Hence, the implementation of such a strategy tends to reflect the individual risk profile. Maintenance of integrity may also serve as a vital step that should be undertaken since it avoids conflict (Gordon, 2014). In my situation, an instance where a conflict of interest has impacted me and some of my colleagues is when some lecturers and tutors commit the duties of other tertiary education members. This means that the levels of tutors efficiency may not be sufficient compared to the tertiary teacher. A manner in which organizations may take to solve the issue of conflict of interest is by first creating some special attention to any issue that may lead to the rise of conflict interest. Later, the organization should look at the escalations that may arise so as to be able to come up with effective and independent strategies. There can also be the establishment of ethical policies or codes that monitor that there is no instance that leads to a conflict of interest (Harcup, 2016). Activity 2: Conformity Bias There is, this time, I attended an event with some of my friends who were not brought up morally upright compared to me. Due to the pressure of discovering new things they thought of doing some unlawful acts. Since I was in the group, I did some of these acts because others did it. In my case, it wasnt okay, and I regret it since there is some form of guilt I still bare in my thoughts. According to me, the statement cheating is contagious is true. Reason being people believe that ones they cheat the level of primary motivation tends to dread, thus it is more powerful than the reward aspect. To support this cheating is often contagious because people perceive some real or imaginative benefits; hence, this motivates people to cheat even more. According to Creswell (2013), argues that people cheat for the purpose of attaining self-deception and rationalizing their behaviors. The only way that one can maintain or balance loyalty in a group against one's ethical behavior is by either avoiding the group or consider keeping a low profile in the groups participation. Hence, your notification in the group would be hardly recognized. In my case, I havent experienced any instance. Groupthink occurs when a particular group makes faulty thought since the group pressure leads to a deterioration of the moral judgments, reality testing, and mental efficiency (Kitcher, 2011). Therefore, groupthink tends to ignore the alternatives that lead to irrational actions thus dehumanizing other groups. In my case, the only instance where I have been subjected to groupthink is when we decided to commit some racism acts to some of the people in my neighborhood. Therefore, the stereotypes of view groups made a negative thought about them, but my conscience contradicted their thoughts. Activity 3: Ethical Fading The concept of ethical fading tends to occur when we are unable to see our faults. Sometimes unethical fading in a business takes place when people overcharge, hide unwelcome facts, and become corrupt. Therefore, it tends to put people at risk through cutting corners leading to instances where an organizations opts to pay police some tip offs. Ethical fading also can also be observed in the terms of moral colors of any ethical decision; hence the fade tends to bleach hues into voids that have moral implications. Therefore, unethical behavior comes as a result of the psychological tendencies that create the unethical behavior (Blyth Landua, 2014). Thus, when trying to create efforts to solve the ethical decision making process there is the need of understanding these psychological tendencies so that they can come up with efficient and effective ethical policy measures. According to human thought people fail or betray themselves in regards to their ethical standards. Hence, people bar e the ethical blind spots which obscure them from making any important ethical decision (Blyth Landua, 2014). In my life scenario, there was, this time, I abused my colleague and him, had not committed any wrongful act, but I was the one who had committed the wrongful act before striking. There was, this time, I defended my fellow friend in class on an acquisition that was true. As a result, it was identified that we were lying. Till today, I regret because we were suspended from school and this affected my grades. Recently, I came across a case in the newspaper that a person was wrongly convicted for close to ten years after it was determined that he was being framed. As a result, this mans integrity in the society was degraded because of acts that he did not commit. Activity 4: Framing In my work life, I tend to believe that if I am the manager, my focus will be on the view of making profits and reduce the expense as much as possible. Hence, it means that I could be making my employees working environment hostile since I offer poor funds to some of their basic employment expense. In school, there was, this time, I decided that I wont do my assignments, then on the due date, I emailed my tutor framing that I had some challenges in performing the assignment. Instead of doing the ethical thing of completing the assignment on time I chose to frame some fake excuses. Politicians channels people decisions but telling them that they will implement policies that favor them, but fail to do so. On the other hand, advertisers frame us through offering quotes which sound convincing compared to what is true. Framing my affect my ethical decision making in my projected workplace because in any business they tend to be profit oriented. So I would tend to frame the product or services we undertake so as to attract more clients which mean more profit. In making the decisions about my career and life, I will consider asking and gathering more information so as to make proper decisions. I will also ensure that I challenge my ideas so as to come up with concrete ethical decisions. Activity 5: Fundamental Attributions Error If I met a famous white collar criminal, I would expect him or her to be kind in a certain manner. Reason being these people tend to be kind and faithful to you so that you can gain the best impressions of themselves. Hence, it becomes hard to substantiate their character because of their act of being humble. Why it is common to hear white collar criminals be disguised by their neighbor as nice, and a real family man comes from their sophistication. The white collar criminals commit non-violent crimes. Therefore, they are disguised like this because their acts normally affect their field of expertise and dont hurt people physically. Therefore, to cover their acts they must act in these unique manners. Some of the petty things that I have done such as fighting back once a friend makes me angry and the use of abuse terms against my colleagues dont represent my true character. Judging people characters and behavior tends to be a challenge. Therefore, the unique manner that we could use in judging people character more accurately is by observing their personality, and this can be handled in three forms that are observing his characters, behaviors and creating a form of observer accuracy (Dewey Zheng, 2013). Hence, these factors will be of great support for your judgment. Activity 6: Fundamental Moral Unit The best example in such a case is where there is a huge forest that is ancient and since history some people feel that a forest is a form of their community heritage. In this case, a private developer feels that they should build some home settlements for people due to high population and built a hydro-electric power station since there is a waterfall in the forest. In such a case, one might be tempted to take the investors option because of electricity provision, employment and enough land for the high population. But, the government feels that the investors shouldnt develop in this land for the purpose of respecting the heritage set out in the ancient times by these community ancestors. All these decisions tend to be morally permitted, but they are different leading to the formation of the fundamental moral unit in such a case. Activity 7: Incentive Gaming Honestly being paid based on my performance negatively influenced the manners that I approached my job. For instance, I could develop more focus on instances where people were being paid more leaving the rest behind or doing it inefficiently. Therefore, this degraded my performance in a particular manner and could sometimes jeopardize my fellow colleagues since they also could suffer the same predicaments from my shortcomings. The issue of students perverting their grades mainly comes as a result of inadequate preparation. Therefore, students may pervert this intent by cheating during an exam, copying a fellow students assignment and failing to cite the sources of their data. Thus, such acts tend to propel the issue of poor grades incentives. Gaming is an unethical system that should be greatly discouraged (Sherin, 2013). Hence, it is the responsibility of both the person who designs the incentive systems and the exploiter to take the appropriate step. For instance, the designer of the incentive should be strict in monitoring and encourage the participants not to consider gaming on the system. On the other hand, the exploiter should honest so as to maintain integrity in the system. Gaming tends to be an act of being corrupt in a particular manner so that you can have an incentive that isnt original (Harcup, 2016). On the other hand, cheating tends to be the attainment of something desirable through acts of dishonesty or unfair means. Therefore, drawing the line in these two cases is that both are the same since it involves the commitment of unethical act. Activity 8: Instrumentalism The statement by Psychologist Dan Ariley on avoiding the first dishonest act is an important factor to consider. The reason for him stating this is as a result of once you commit the first act it doesnt hurt, and you get the feeling of doing it again. Hence, that feeling of committing the act again comes from the first step of being dishonest, thus before realization you come to find out that the habit has become a norm. Therefore, I do agree with his thought of avoiding this first act of being dishonest. In my case, the slippery slope phenomenon has occurred in my academics where I used to prepare for my exams at the beginning of the semester. But, there is this one time I was so held up and felt that I cant prepare for the exams that early. Hence, the act of being dishonest to me made be escalate my behavior of early preparation, but to be ethical, I decided to change which didnt happen in a single day but took a lot of time. In the newspaper, I have come across the most notorious drug dealer in the American History who was known as Pablo. He began as a minor drug peddler in the streets of Mexico before being the huge drug seller globally. Because of these small unethical conduct landed him into big trouble with the authorities. I agree with Cynthia Cooper on the slippery slope that it is lost one step at a time. This is because once you commit an unethical act for the first time and fail to be caught it doesnt hurt. Hence, you will tend to commit such an act again and again whenever you feel like. To prevent an event from snowballing into the slippery slope it is vital if you listen to your instincts, collect adequate information so as to avoid the slippery, look for backup plan so as to avoid committing unethical acts, and once you have committed such an act it is also necessary to consider pulling back before it's late. References Sherin, A. (2013),Sustainable thinking: ethical approaches to design and design management. Lausanne, AVA. Gordon, R. (2014),Mainstreaming torture: ethical approaches in the post-9/11 United States. National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). (2008),Scientific and ethical approaches for observational exposure studies. Blyth, E., Landau, R. (2014),Third party assisted conception across cultures: social, legal, and ethical perspectives. Creswell, J. W. (2013),Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches.