The Ethics Of Living Jim Crow - 865 Words

draft The Jim Crow Laws, that enforced racist segregation, were abolished 1964. Racism was not. Turn on the news today and you will most likely see something related to some sort of racist act. Police brutality with racism is a huge social injustice issue right now and we can see today how people of color are effected through campaigns such as â€Å"Black Lives Matter.† After reading the two essays and doing a little research on Jim Crow, it was extremely evident how those laws deeply affected those affected by them and I still see this as an issue today. I think that it is crucial to understand that these laws indirectly still affect people to this day, even after being abolished years and years ago. In Richard Writes essay, The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: an Autobiographical Sketch, we see him struggle just doing daily activities in his life. Although the Jim Crow laws are no longer in place, it does not mean that it does not have an effect on todays world and racism is still very alive and well today and that is an issue that needs to be solved in todays society. Relevant today, relevant yesterday, relevant 50 years ago. The Jim Crow Laws essentially legalized racism. Primarily enforced in the southern states, between 1877-164, the Jim Crow were more than just laws, it was to a greater extent the norm. African Americas were no more than second class citizens. Some of these laws went to the extreme of a black man not being able to shake the hand of a white man, because thatShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1746 Words   |  7 Pageschange, which involves beliefs, attitude, actions, change of heart, etc. The topic of â€Å"Child Psychology† is shown in the stories â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† and â€Å"Big Boy Leaves Home†, through how the personalities of the main characters change due to the experiences they go through and the situations that they are exposed to. In the story â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† by Richard Wright, the topic of â€Å"Child Psychology† is shown through the narrator’s early events of his life. As described in theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagespresent when a black man wanted to defend his wife or child against random acts of racial violence? This was the insanity of the Jim Crow South and Wright makes an effort to explain how he coped with blatant racism as he grew into adulthood. Further along in â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the writer had developed a deeper knowledge of the pervasiveness nature of Jim Crow. It wouldn’t only affect him solely during his childhood in Arkansas, but also in his places of employment as well. Wright givesRead MoreThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1508 Words   |  7 Pagesregulations. People of color have been inferior to the white race for centuries. In their own way Zora Neale Hurston shows this concept in her story â€Å"How it feels to be Colored Me† as does Richard Wright in his autobiographical sketch â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†. At the beginning of the essay Hurston opens up with the statement that she is colored and that she offers no extenuating circumstances to the fact except that she is the only Negro in the U.S. whose grandfather was not an Indian chief.Read MoreThe Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1770 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Uncle Tom’s Children† by Richard Wright, many topics are covered through it’s different stories, such as racism, prejudice, law and order, etc. The topic of Child Psychology is highly displayed in the two of the stories, which are â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† and â€Å"Big Boy Leaves Home†. Child Psychology is a branch of Psychology that focuses on the study of the mental and social developments of children. As the events of the stories unfold, we are able to see how the main characters’ personalitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Dutchman And The Ethics Of Living Jim Crow1518 Words   |  7 Pages When analyzing the works â€Å"D utchman† and â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† the message the authors are trying to convey become clear through their effects on the reader. In my essay I will explain how the authors use literary terms to help the reader gain a better knowledge in their work. In Amira Baraka’s work â€Å"Dutchman† symbolism has a major effect on the overall message as a whole. Although, we see many forms of symbolism there are two that really jump out to me. First, when LulaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Why The Caged Bird Sings By Maya Angelou And The Ethics Of Living Jim Crow Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesmany African-Americans like Maya Angelou and Richard Wright were put through extreme racism and segregation. Both of these writers shared their experiences through their excerpts I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou and â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch by Richard Wright. The excerpt written by Angelou was written about the time when she was a young child about the age of three, while the excerpt written by Wright was written about him becoming a young adultRead MoreQuest for Manhood Malcolm X1086 Words   |  5 Pagesof Malcolm X, â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†,  "The Man Who Killed a Shadow†, and â€Å"Almos’ a Man† all deal with African American boys and them becoming true men. The literature of Richard Wright and Malcolm X illustrate how African American males encountered much difficulty in asserting their manhood while living within the racist society of the 1930’s and 1940’s. Racism denied African American males the opportunity to gain economic power. In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow†, the young AfricanRead MoreThe Jim Crow Laws : The Challenges Of The Jim Crow Laws1099 Words   |  5 Pagessegregation laws known as the Jim Crow Laws dominated the United States, specifically in the South. These laws required schools, parks, libraries, forms of public transportation and even drinking fountains to be segregated into â€Å"Whites Only† and â€Å"Coloreds†. Although the Jim Crow Laws intended to treat blacks â€Å"separate but equal†, blacks received poorer conditions in their public facilities, were denied the right to vote and were treated with no respect from the whites (Jim Crow Laws). In Richard Wright’sRead More A Comparison of Violence in Living Jim Crow, Incident, and Blood burning moon890 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in Living Jim Crow, Incident, and Blood burning moon      Ã‚   Violence seems to be quite a common topic in black American literature of the first decades of the 20th century. One major reason for this is probably that it was important for black authors not to be quiet about the injustices being done to them. The violence described in the texts is not only of the physical kind, but also psychological: the constant harassment and terrorising. The ever-present violence had such an effectRead MoreOppression Of Women And Minority People921 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween two completely different neighborhoods. One side of track is a nice and rich people living while on the other side, is filled with poor and dirty people living. This is oppressive harm because the rich neighborhood will have nicer park and better school filled with many good teachers. While, on the opposite side of neighborhood cannot afford a nice and safe park because of the majority of poor people living there. Goes same with educational system, they do not have enough mon ey to provide a safe

Bureaurcracy Pathologies - 953 Words

There are many pathologies present in the American bureaucracy and bureaucratic agencies. The major pathologies are red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste. Each of these pathologies had at least some sort of roots in the case of the 9/11/01 terrorist attack. Had these pathologies not been prominent in the pre-9/11 bureaucratic government, it is very likely that our intelligence communities would not have failed to detect the terrorists. The first and quite possibly the most prominent pathology is known as the red tape pathology. Red tape results from all of the complex rules and procedures that must be done in order to get anything done. Although these rules and procedures are often necessary to maintain order and†¦show more content†¦Agencies such as the FBI would work solely to obtain more information with its own prestige being its own priority, and would thus not pool its information with other sources to allow America to effectively plan for a terr orist attack. Also, because of each agency trying to promote itself, many agencies ended up doing the same thing, which was a waste of time and money. Finally, the last bureaucratic pathology is known as waste. Waste specifically means spending more than is necessary to buy some product or service. This was a major issue in the pre-9/11 world because of the rules of government revenue sharing. When a government gives an agency a certain amount of money, all the money that the agency does not use goes back to the national treasury. Because of this, agencies see no point in saving any money, and just spend all they want without restriction. Money that could have been used to efficiently gather information and that could have helped prevent an attack was thus wasted, and this need not have been the case. Red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste all helped contribute to the United States government s inability to prevent a terrorist attack on 9/11/01. All of these are pathologies that hinder the ability of the bureaucracy in America to run effectively, and this is evident in the terrorist attacks that this nation has faced. In fact, the 9/11 attacks are a perfect example of how serious an issue theseShow MoreRelated Bureaurcracy Pathologies Essay933 Words   |  4 Pages There are many pathologies present in the American bureaucracy and bureaucratic agencies. The major pathologies are red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste. Each of these pathologies had at least some sort of roots in the case of the 9/11/01 terrorist attack. Had these pathologies not been prominent in the pre-9/11 bureaucratic government, it is very likely that our intelligence communities would not have failed to detect the terrorists. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first and

Reality Television Free Essays

Reality television has strong influence and damaging effects on our society. But let’s face it, we feed on the drama. We love to absorb another life other than our own. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Television or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with it comes the misconception of reality which distorts how one believes they have to behave to gain fame or attention. Reality television is bad for culture because it only elevates money, beauty, and fame above other qualities by promoting inappropriate behavior such as bullying, casual sex, alcohol abuse and bad language. The media plays a major role in selling this trash in order to increase revenue. Reality tv has a strong impact on our society because it distorts our view of reality. It pollutes our minds with Knowledge, attitudes, values, and behavior that are influenced by exposure to reality television and deemed acceptable by society. Our culture serves up degradation as a form of entertainment. Such shows incorporate inappropriate behavior such as bullying, scheming, and manipulating in order to get ahead or get the guy/girl. This is extremely harmful to children and teens because at this age they are seeking out their personal identities and starting to develop relationships with family, friends, and the opposite sex. They indentify with the media for what’s cool and look up to these public figures for how they should act, dress, talk etc. One example how these shows are negative would be MTVs Parental control, where the parents are unhappy with their child’s current choice of whom in which they’re dating. So, they get to choose who they assume would be a better choice for their child. While doing so, their current significant watches as they bf/gf go on a dates with their parent’s choices. This usually results in disrespect and bad mouthing to the parents from the current bf/gf. Some of the stuff is appalling that is said and sexually suggested to a teen audience. Not only do these shows encourage inappropriateness it creates drama because drama creates attention that we all crave at times. Other shows spotlight this lavish lifestyle and make the common person believe that they do can live this life if they model these infamous characters behavior and they too can receive stardom for random careless acts. It mainly bases stardom on physical appearance and how far you will go for the prize whether it be 100,000 or the rich husband. It makes us all superficial, materialistic and really unrealistic. Fall in love in 8 weeks, give me a break. But it’s entertaining and does suck us in. The contestants on these shows contribute to the ideology of competitive elements and stereotyping over working. What kid would want to go to school if he could party all day and have a rich bf gf and receive fame for it as well. I think we all seek another unrealistic lifestyle and these reality shows are giving our youth the message that if they act according they may too receive fame. Although, such shows demonstrate negative values ans are corrupting our youth and perception on things, the media is making money and doesn’t see these shows as negative only a positive asset to their bank account. The media has definitely altered the baseline of civility because money rules all things. The cost for these shows and their content are nothing but cheap. According to a recent article by Laurie Hibberd, she suggests cost has much to do with it. Reality shows cost an average of 400,00 to produce and gain up to 2 million for a dramatic series (Hibberd2002. It’s the less expensive option and ratings sky high , why wouldn’t; they keep these drama on the air. They may lack moral and values but big companies are not bothered by this only bothered by financial gain. Also big companies and organizations back these productions up with service or merchandise. Their only motive is to market their products and services, not to improve quality of programs. For in stance, a clothing label may give out merchandise hoping this may promote their brand. If the reality stars are wearing it, the kids will want to wear it as well. They don’t care what else the show may promote as long as its promoting their brand and resulting in an increase in sales. Reality television I believe has such a negative impact on society because it makes us believe that we can see ourselves on tv. That if we fit the profile that we too may receive stardom. But on the same not it makes us believe that our lives aren’t normal and maybe even boring which may even cause more drama in our life. Also, the media’s interest in making money is a contributing factor to wht such behavior these shows represent are coming into the norm. How to cite Reality Television, Essay examples Reality Television Free Essays In the year 1992 a new idea was introduced to America and it was called reality television. MTV produced a show called, The Real World that had seven strangers living in a house together and had everything they did filmed. After many failed attempts at trying to make this reality trend catch on, CBS launched Survivor, which pioneered the way for all reality shows to follow in the next decade. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Television or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a show about people battling it out in two separate tribes to their wits end in the jungle and it spread like wildfire across America. Survivor premiere debuted to 28 million viewers and is still on today, a decade and 21 seasons later (McCraley). Reality television did not have the power to tip and become an epidemic until producers began to use clever marketing strategies to bring Survivor to the mass of America. It has been almost twenty years since MTV first attempted to air The Real World with hopes of creating a new type of television America would love. First broadcasted in 1992 it is now the longest running show in MTV’s history and is currently on its twenty-fifth season. It is credited with being the first reality television show aired but it was not the first to grasp America and change the way we watch television. Reality television’s first big tipping point came the night Survivor premiered in May of 2000 on CBS and producers were beyond ecstatic when receiving the numbers the next day of viewers that tuned in (Metz par. 1). An epidemic had begun and it was here to stay. The American Survivor was derived from the Swedish version of the same show but only the first season of America’s Survivor had the same format. Throughout the seasons the producers have added new twists, turns, and contests. The United States version of Survivor is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst (Metz par. 1). This one single show caught the eyes of millions of Americans and since then all of our basic channels have been flooded with what we call ‘reality’ television. The format and concepts have changed drastically but there still seems to be a demand for reality television so producers will continue to come up with new ideas until America no longer seems to show interest. Reality television has become a constant target for controversy and complaints but seems to be one of those things we either love to hate or hate to love. Reality television that used to just be fun competition has turned into pregnant teenagers, partying Guidos, rich kids in Los Angeles or eight roommates all sleeping with each other in one house. Each one of these presents obvious controversy for the public eye but the producers do this for a reason. If there is nothing to talk about then no one will talk. The more buzz a producer can build about their show the more people will want to watch (King par. 2). Reality television producers seem to have a certain niche for stirring up as much debate and controversy as they can. As ridiculous as reality television shows have recently become with at least 6 different ones all involving competition of baking the perfect cake, Americans are what propel this industry. We continually watch them and keep their ratings up so they are beginning to take over other shows such as sitcoms and dramas. Some reality television shows are even getting signed for more seasons than non-reality shows are receiving. Survivor and The Real World being prime examples, both having over twenty seasons of airtime (Metz par. ). It is not a question of whether or not reality television is or is not an epidemic, it is a question of how did Survivor manage to turn this industry around and make everyone fall in love with it. The gist of Survivor goes a little something like this; the show starts with sixteen average Americans who are brought to a remote island to fend for themselves. The island is usually a very unforgiving place with no modern conveniences. The sixteen individuals are divided into two teams. Every few days, one of the teams gathers at a tribal council and votes someone off the island. You can gain immunity by winning the challenges, which are very fun and interesting to watch. Once a total of six people remain the tribes merge. After this, it is every person for him or herself. The last Survivor at the end wins one million dollars (Charkow). It is all about who will make just the right alliances and just the right enemies in order to take home the money. Over the past years connecting with people on common interests has become an important aspect of living. Reality TV allows us to do just that; we can watch a show Monday night and then have something to talk about the next day at work or school. We can have a common interest with someone without really having to like the same things. Curiosity also plays a role in our obsession with this trend, viewers will imagine themselves in these certain situations and think how they would react but the difference is the viewers get to watch from afar and not have any consequences for what they might choose (Hotchkiss par. 2). Reality television has completely changed the entertainment industry in that it creates a fun way to follow these participants and since they are real people with real conflicts their lives matter to us. This seems to be one reason surrounding why reality television has become so captivating for America and just why it is undeniably here to stay for the long haul. So what exactly did Survivor have that managed to captivate America and keep us here? Unpredictability with relatability (Crum). Each week there were these normal human beings performing risky tasks unknowing if they were going to be sent home the following week. Americans began to watch, found their favorite contestants, and had to stay to make sure they made it until the end. Survivor producers also knew when creating this show the factor of relatability would play a major role. By taking normal human beings that are not trained actors, viewers begin to realize they may personally know one of the contestants or at least know them through the six degrees of separation. Even if they do not somehow know a contestant there is always one that they can relate to and connect with. When a viewer has a personal connection in a show it makes them want to invest more and they are willing to dedicate an hour of their time each week to tune in and see how their favorites are doing (Yazbek). Producers and casting directors thrived off of this concept of relatability. Each and every contestant is different in some way that producers believe will reach a vast majority of viewers in America. If there is a contestant representing each main demographic there is at least one person for almost everyone to connect with and want to root for. Once the viewers lock in their favorites they religiously watch Survivor in order to check up and make sure their contestant is still in and surviving. This is what helped Survivor manage to tip the reality trend (McCraley). The casting directors and producers knew exactly what to look for in the contestants they choose and they chose perfectly. America originally tuned in for Survivor’s first premiere because they did not know what to expect from these ordinary people getting their own television show and Survivor’s marketing team created a hype that was able to draw in over 28 million viewers for the first time (Metz par. 1). Dr. Kathleen King, who is a motivational keynote speaker, believes that Survivor uses their contestants as characters as a marketing strategy. If situations can’t be resolved in a timely manner, people grow frustrated and bored with them. Our brain starts telling us, through our emotions, that it is time to move on. For a show to be successful, it has to introduce a parade of situations, just like real life would. So, how does a show keep us engaged in between situations? What keeps us tuned in? The characters . Characters are what we connect to. Characters engage us at a completely different level than situations. Situations are an intellectual challenge. Characters create emotional bonds. We care what happens to them (King). This caring, this connection, provides the emotional overtones that keep the situations of Survivor consistently interesting. Americans instantly fell in love with this nail-biting reality show as soon as it made its debut. From the get-go producers created characters that they knew America would fall in love with, each for different reasons. Although Survivor is not scripted certain teams are paired together and certain scenes may be edited in hopes of causing a stir with viewers. Producers create good and bad controversy to evoke emotions from their viewers. Once you are able to pull at the heartstrings of your viewers and have them emotionally involved with your characters you can create a true bond (Morrison par. ). Survivor made viewers fall in love with certain characters so when they were backstabbed or voted off they felt emotions for them. They would continue to watch so they knew exactly how their season would end and who took the winning spot of someone they wished would have won or stuck with their favorites until they would win (Hotchkiss par. 2). This level of emotional connection created a st ickiness factor that helped Survivor stay with its viewers. One more reason Survivor has lasted so long and continually intrigued viewers is they way it is shot. A reality show’s segment producers or story editors usually assemble storyboards and shooting scripts, which are important tools for shaping the direction of the show. In the TV sitcom and drama world, these people would be known as writers. Unlike writers, the Writers Guild of America does generally not recognize them and so they are not union employees. This distinction could be seen as a disservice to the segment producers and story editors, but it benefits the show in that it lowers production costs and it helps preserve the idea that the shows are real and unscripted. It also allows reality shows to keep on rolling when a writer strike hits, like it did in fall 2007. Many reality show staffers have contested the distinction in ongoing court cases since 2005 (Poniewozik par. 2). Reality shows typically do not have scripts, but there is often a shooting script or an outline that details aspects of an episode or part of the show. For example, it can set up a specific challenge for the contestants on Survivor. A shooting script could also create conflict between some of the participants by pairing specific people as roommates or partners. Producers create shooting scripts with viewers in mind thinking about what they might like to see and what would make them stay tuned. In extreme cases, a shooting script might include a storyboard, which is a visual representation of the concept that physically illustrates what will occur in a scene (Metz par. 2). Ultimately, reality producers and editors have a lot of control over what happens on the show, just by the sheer fact that they have put the people together in certain situations, and they are controlling what footage gets aired and what does not. If Survivor were just a 24/7 camera on contestants living in the jungle viewers would get bored. Producers pick and choose the best material and content to air because obviously America does not want to watch strangers sleeping or eating their food, they want to see conflict, emotion, and turmoil. If it were not for Survivor we would never know if some other show would have had the power to tip the reality television trend. Thanks to Survivor, its stickiness factor, and its relatability we will never have to worry about that. Survivor paved the way for the majority of America’s favorite television shows we watch today and opened doors for a new format of television programming. There is no way to tell how long reality television is here to stay but at the rate it is going, it seems like it will be putting up a fight until America stops watching. After all, reality television would not have already lasted this long if it wasn’t a survivor. How to cite Reality Television, Essay examples

Business Ethics Assignment

Questions: 1. What conflicts of interest have you personally experienced in personal or professional roles? 2. If you perceive a potential conflict for yourself, what are some ways you might ensure that this conflict doesnt lead to unethical behavior for you and others? 3. When have others conflicts of interest impacted how you or those you know were treated? 4. What types of policies can or do organizations implement to try to reduce conflicts of interest or their costs? Answers: Activity 1: Conflict of Interest Personally, the instance where I have experienced some form of conflict of interest is when am assigned a particular task in class, and I am the acting head of the group. I may tend to select some group members who are brighter and more proficient in class and leave out any individual who may seem to be lagging my group behind. All this is as a result of the aspect of conflict of interest which is brought about by me trying to get higher grades when it comes to class activities. Tackling the issue of interest of conflict the ways that I can manage it is by implementing a robust conflict interest policy that can be effective and efficient in lowering the levels of conflict of interest in my case. Hence, the implementation of such a strategy tends to reflect the individual risk profile. Maintenance of integrity may also serve as a vital step that should be undertaken since it avoids conflict (Gordon, 2014). In my situation, an instance where a conflict of interest has impacted me and some of my colleagues is when some lecturers and tutors commit the duties of other tertiary education members. This means that the levels of tutors efficiency may not be sufficient compared to the tertiary teacher. A manner in which organizations may take to solve the issue of conflict of interest is by first creating some special attention to any issue that may lead to the rise of conflict interest. Later, the organization should look at the escalations that may arise so as to be able to come up with effective and independent strategies. There can also be the establishment of ethical policies or codes that monitor that there is no instance that leads to a conflict of interest (Harcup, 2016). Activity 2: Conformity Bias There is, this time, I attended an event with some of my friends who were not brought up morally upright compared to me. Due to the pressure of discovering new things they thought of doing some unlawful acts. Since I was in the group, I did some of these acts because others did it. In my case, it wasnt okay, and I regret it since there is some form of guilt I still bare in my thoughts. According to me, the statement cheating is contagious is true. Reason being people believe that ones they cheat the level of primary motivation tends to dread, thus it is more powerful than the reward aspect. To support this cheating is often contagious because people perceive some real or imaginative benefits; hence, this motivates people to cheat even more. According to Creswell (2013), argues that people cheat for the purpose of attaining self-deception and rationalizing their behaviors. The only way that one can maintain or balance loyalty in a group against one's ethical behavior is by either avoiding the group or consider keeping a low profile in the groups participation. Hence, your notification in the group would be hardly recognized. In my case, I havent experienced any instance. Groupthink occurs when a particular group makes faulty thought since the group pressure leads to a deterioration of the moral judgments, reality testing, and mental efficiency (Kitcher, 2011). Therefore, groupthink tends to ignore the alternatives that lead to irrational actions thus dehumanizing other groups. In my case, the only instance where I have been subjected to groupthink is when we decided to commit some racism acts to some of the people in my neighborhood. Therefore, the stereotypes of view groups made a negative thought about them, but my conscience contradicted their thoughts. Activity 3: Ethical Fading The concept of ethical fading tends to occur when we are unable to see our faults. Sometimes unethical fading in a business takes place when people overcharge, hide unwelcome facts, and become corrupt. Therefore, it tends to put people at risk through cutting corners leading to instances where an organizations opts to pay police some tip offs. Ethical fading also can also be observed in the terms of moral colors of any ethical decision; hence the fade tends to bleach hues into voids that have moral implications. Therefore, unethical behavior comes as a result of the psychological tendencies that create the unethical behavior (Blyth Landua, 2014). Thus, when trying to create efforts to solve the ethical decision making process there is the need of understanding these psychological tendencies so that they can come up with efficient and effective ethical policy measures. According to human thought people fail or betray themselves in regards to their ethical standards. Hence, people bar e the ethical blind spots which obscure them from making any important ethical decision (Blyth Landua, 2014). In my life scenario, there was, this time, I abused my colleague and him, had not committed any wrongful act, but I was the one who had committed the wrongful act before striking. There was, this time, I defended my fellow friend in class on an acquisition that was true. As a result, it was identified that we were lying. Till today, I regret because we were suspended from school and this affected my grades. Recently, I came across a case in the newspaper that a person was wrongly convicted for close to ten years after it was determined that he was being framed. As a result, this mans integrity in the society was degraded because of acts that he did not commit. Activity 4: Framing In my work life, I tend to believe that if I am the manager, my focus will be on the view of making profits and reduce the expense as much as possible. Hence, it means that I could be making my employees working environment hostile since I offer poor funds to some of their basic employment expense. In school, there was, this time, I decided that I wont do my assignments, then on the due date, I emailed my tutor framing that I had some challenges in performing the assignment. Instead of doing the ethical thing of completing the assignment on time I chose to frame some fake excuses. Politicians channels people decisions but telling them that they will implement policies that favor them, but fail to do so. On the other hand, advertisers frame us through offering quotes which sound convincing compared to what is true. Framing my affect my ethical decision making in my projected workplace because in any business they tend to be profit oriented. So I would tend to frame the product or services we undertake so as to attract more clients which mean more profit. In making the decisions about my career and life, I will consider asking and gathering more information so as to make proper decisions. I will also ensure that I challenge my ideas so as to come up with concrete ethical decisions. Activity 5: Fundamental Attributions Error If I met a famous white collar criminal, I would expect him or her to be kind in a certain manner. Reason being these people tend to be kind and faithful to you so that you can gain the best impressions of themselves. Hence, it becomes hard to substantiate their character because of their act of being humble. Why it is common to hear white collar criminals be disguised by their neighbor as nice, and a real family man comes from their sophistication. The white collar criminals commit non-violent crimes. Therefore, they are disguised like this because their acts normally affect their field of expertise and dont hurt people physically. Therefore, to cover their acts they must act in these unique manners. Some of the petty things that I have done such as fighting back once a friend makes me angry and the use of abuse terms against my colleagues dont represent my true character. Judging people characters and behavior tends to be a challenge. Therefore, the unique manner that we could use in judging people character more accurately is by observing their personality, and this can be handled in three forms that are observing his characters, behaviors and creating a form of observer accuracy (Dewey Zheng, 2013). Hence, these factors will be of great support for your judgment. Activity 6: Fundamental Moral Unit The best example in such a case is where there is a huge forest that is ancient and since history some people feel that a forest is a form of their community heritage. In this case, a private developer feels that they should build some home settlements for people due to high population and built a hydro-electric power station since there is a waterfall in the forest. In such a case, one might be tempted to take the investors option because of electricity provision, employment and enough land for the high population. But, the government feels that the investors shouldnt develop in this land for the purpose of respecting the heritage set out in the ancient times by these community ancestors. All these decisions tend to be morally permitted, but they are different leading to the formation of the fundamental moral unit in such a case. Activity 7: Incentive Gaming Honestly being paid based on my performance negatively influenced the manners that I approached my job. For instance, I could develop more focus on instances where people were being paid more leaving the rest behind or doing it inefficiently. Therefore, this degraded my performance in a particular manner and could sometimes jeopardize my fellow colleagues since they also could suffer the same predicaments from my shortcomings. The issue of students perverting their grades mainly comes as a result of inadequate preparation. Therefore, students may pervert this intent by cheating during an exam, copying a fellow students assignment and failing to cite the sources of their data. Thus, such acts tend to propel the issue of poor grades incentives. Gaming is an unethical system that should be greatly discouraged (Sherin, 2013). Hence, it is the responsibility of both the person who designs the incentive systems and the exploiter to take the appropriate step. For instance, the designer of the incentive should be strict in monitoring and encourage the participants not to consider gaming on the system. On the other hand, the exploiter should honest so as to maintain integrity in the system. Gaming tends to be an act of being corrupt in a particular manner so that you can have an incentive that isnt original (Harcup, 2016). On the other hand, cheating tends to be the attainment of something desirable through acts of dishonesty or unfair means. Therefore, drawing the line in these two cases is that both are the same since it involves the commitment of unethical act. Activity 8: Instrumentalism The statement by Psychologist Dan Ariley on avoiding the first dishonest act is an important factor to consider. The reason for him stating this is as a result of once you commit the first act it doesnt hurt, and you get the feeling of doing it again. Hence, that feeling of committing the act again comes from the first step of being dishonest, thus before realization you come to find out that the habit has become a norm. Therefore, I do agree with his thought of avoiding this first act of being dishonest. In my case, the slippery slope phenomenon has occurred in my academics where I used to prepare for my exams at the beginning of the semester. But, there is this one time I was so held up and felt that I cant prepare for the exams that early. Hence, the act of being dishonest to me made be escalate my behavior of early preparation, but to be ethical, I decided to change which didnt happen in a single day but took a lot of time. In the newspaper, I have come across the most notorious drug dealer in the American History who was known as Pablo. He began as a minor drug peddler in the streets of Mexico before being the huge drug seller globally. Because of these small unethical conduct landed him into big trouble with the authorities. I agree with Cynthia Cooper on the slippery slope that it is lost one step at a time. This is because once you commit an unethical act for the first time and fail to be caught it doesnt hurt. Hence, you will tend to commit such an act again and again whenever you feel like. To prevent an event from snowballing into the slippery slope it is vital if you listen to your instincts, collect adequate information so as to avoid the slippery, look for backup plan so as to avoid committing unethical acts, and once you have committed such an act it is also necessary to consider pulling back before it's late. References Sherin, A. (2013),Sustainable thinking: ethical approaches to design and design management. Lausanne, AVA. Gordon, R. (2014),Mainstreaming torture: ethical approaches in the post-9/11 United States. National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). (2008),Scientific and ethical approaches for observational exposure studies. Blyth, E., Landau, R. (2014),Third party assisted conception across cultures: social, legal, and ethical perspectives. Creswell, J. W. (2013),Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches.

Price of Football Players

Table of Contents Introduction Supply Demand Theory Skill Sets Bargaining Power Sponsorship Other Factors References Introduction Why do football players cost so much? Why do players transferred from one club to another get so very high price of  £82,500,000 while another players a sum of  £21,000,000? What determines these prices and are they determined? All these questions poses a potent reason for a demand supply analysis of football players.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Price of Football Players specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper analyses the reason why players are given higher transfer rates and the economic theory that lies behind this transfer. The players that we choose for this analysis are Nacho Monreal from Arsenal and Jack Butland from Stoke City. Supply Demand Theory While discussing the price that footballers receive from the clubs are astronomically high. Some players receive ve ry high transfer prices while others do not receive such high wages. The transfer costs are actually, in economic sense, the price, or the wages that is determined through the interaction of supply and demand. The footballers who have a very high degree of skill and have a proven past record are priced very high. The supply curve of a commodity as we know in economics is a positively sloping line, whereas in case of football players is a vertical line indicating a fixed supply. This is because, the service that the footballers have to offer is their skill sets as a player which cannot rise or fall with the price. It remains same at any price, showing a highly inelastic supply curve. However, the demand curve of the footballers is highly elastic that varies with the prices. When there is an interaction between the supply and the demand curves, and the price at which they interact, becomes the equilibrium price at which the player is transferred. This price is the transfer cost that c lubs pay. Figure 1: Demand and supply curve of a footballer Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In figure 1 the supply curve is shown as a perfectly inelastic curve and the downward sloping demand curve shows that with an increase in the price of the player shows that the demand for the player would reduce. Skill Sets In case of Nacho Monreal from Arsenal and Jack Butland a comparison has to be made in terms of their skills. A comparison of their past performances shows that Nacho was a defender who had 2 goals to his credit, he had assisted in making 8 goals, in 35 matches he had played. On the other hand, Jack a goalkeeper, had conceded 69 goals and missed 13 goals in the 49 matches he had played. This shows that if a performance ratio is considered, Nacho’s performance was far better than that of Jack. Hence, it may be concluded that the higher price that was offered to nacho was due to the better performance he had shown in the previous matches he had played. The theory of marginal revenue product of the players demonstrates that the price of a product or marginal revenue of a product depends on the price of the last good that was sold and on the productivity of the good. In case of a football player, the marginal revenue i.e. the price the clubs are willing to pay for a player. This price also includes the ability of the player to draw sponsors and advertisements money. In a way, this is directly dependent on the media popularity fo the football player. Earlier, the amount of the transfer price has not been very high, which has increased exorbitantly in the recent years. Many believe that the high price paid to the footballers is due to the higher media popularity paid to the player. Many television channels and media houses willingly pay premium sponsorship prices to get a particular player to endorse their program or product. This again incr eases the market value of the player. For instance, Manchester United may just have to pay a meagre sum to its employees as they hire only few people but they earn revenue of  £1 million per game, which is much higher than what they pay . Bargaining Power From the point of view of the bargaining theory, a player who has a unique and commendable skill sets and is popular with the media would be in a better position to bargain with the clubs while a transfer cost is being determined . The reason being, even the player is aware of the amount of revenue he can fetch for the club through good performance on the field as well as through sponsorships.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Price of Football Players specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, the marginal productivity of a player is not assessable. But a good player can help his team to perform better and therefore, the skills he has a footballer would help th e team to gain a higher position in the league matches which would increase the popularity of the club. For instance, Messi is a great asset for Barcelona, as he almost singlehandedly helps the club win, as well as become the champion. A player of his calibre would definitely fetch a higher price for he has a higher level of skill sets and performance to offer . Therefore, a player who has the potential to make the club win or reach the finals or semi-finals of the premiere leagues would definitely have a higher bargaining power as well as price. Sponsorship Another aspect that has a strong influence on the price of the football players is the sponsorship that he can draw. For instance, David Beckham, Messi, or Christiano Ronaldo is the poster boys of all big companies who are the primary sponsors of football. As these players are immensely popular with the football watching and non-watching audience, they have a higher endorsement price that eventually goes to the club. Therefore, if a player is media friendly and is priced high by the media, he would eventually cost high to the clubs too. Other Factors Another factor that may have an influence on the transfer cost of the players is their degree of competitiveness. The clubs in the English Premier League are highly competitive and they vigorously compete against each other for a good player. Therefore, when the demand for the good is very competitive, this would increase the price of the product, supply being constant. High bidding on a player from the top clubs also results in higher costs of players. Furthermore, there are rich clubs who are willing to pay a very high price for the right player and this knowledge in the market increases the expectation as well as the price of the footballers. Price of a player is dependent on various factors. However, the whole mechanism of the bidding prices and the price is determined through the process of demand and supply interaction as explained through economic theor ies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Andrear, L 2007, Are football players paid too much?, http://www.helium.com/items/217870-Football-News-Opinion. Bowman, B 2011, Is international football migration simply another type of labour migration?, http://www.academia.edu/2535233/Is_international_football_migration_simply_another_type_of_labour_migration. DevecioÄŸlu, S 2011, The Valuation of Human Capital in the Football Player Transfer Market, http://www.academia.edu/836938/The_Valuation_of_Human_Capital_in_the_Football_Player_Transfer_Market. Dobson, S Goddard, J 2011, The Economics of Football, Cambridge University Press., Cambridge, UK. Economics 2007, Economics of Football – Players Wages, http://econ.economicshelp.org/2007/09/economics-of-football-players-wages.html. Economics 2013, Economics of Football, http://econ.economicshelp.org/2007/09/economics-of-football.html. Kà ©senne, S 2007, The Economic Theory of Professional Team Sports, Edward Elgar Publishing, London. L’histoire de sa vie 2008, You lack a rudimentary understanding of market economics, http://www.nathan-miller.com/you-lack-a-rudimentary-understanding-of-market-economics/. Quinn, KG 2009, The Economics of the National Football League: The State of the Art, Springer, London. Transfermarkt 2013, Premier League – England, http://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/en/premier-eague/letztetransfers/wettbewerb_GB1.html. This essay on Price of Football Players was written and submitted by user Allan Powers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Palladio, the Architect Who Inspired a Popular Window

Palladio, the Architect Who Inspired a Popular Window Andrea Palladio (born  November 30, 1508 in Padua, Italy) transformed architecture not only during his lifetime, but his reinterpreted Classical stylings were imitated from the 18th century until today. Today Palladios architecture is a model for building with the 3 rules of architecture attributed to Vitruvius- a building should be well-built, useful, and beautiful to look at. Palladios Four Books of Architecture was widely translated, a work that quickly spread Palladios ideas throughout Europe and into the New World of America. Born Andrea Di Pietro della Gondola, he was later named Palladio after the Greek goddess of wisdom. The new name is said to have been given to him by an early employer, supporter, and mentor, the scholar and grammarian Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478-1550). It is said that Palladio married a carpenters daughter but never bought a house. Andrea Palladio died August 19, 1580 in Vicenza, Italy. Early Years As a teenager, the young Gondola became an apprentice stone cutter, soon joining the guild of masons and becoming an assistant in the workshop of Giacomo da Porlezza in Vicenza.  This apprenticeship proved to be the opportunity that brought his work to the attention of the older and well-connected Gian Giorgio Trissino. As a youthful stone cutter in his 20s,  Andrea Palladio (pronounced and-RAY-ah pal-LAY-deeoh) worked on renovating  Villa Trissino in Cricoli. From 1531 to 1538, the young man from Padua learned the principles of Classical architecture when he worked on new additions for the villa. Trissino took the promising builder to Rome with him in 1545, where Palladio studied the symmetry and proportion of the local Roman architecture. Taking his knowledge back with him to Vicenza, Palladio won a commission to rebuild the  Palazzo della Ragione, a defining project for the 40-year-old budding architect. Important Buildings by Palladio Andrea Palladio is often described as the most influential and most copied architect in Western civilization after the Middle Ages. Drawing inspiration from the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, Palladio brought decorative columns and pediments to 16th century Europe, creating carefully proportioned buildings that continue to be models for stately homes and government buildings throughout the world of architecture. Palladio window design came about from his first commission- rebuilding the Palazzo della Ragione in Vicenza. Like architects today, Palladio was faced with the task of rejuvenating a crumbling structure. Confronted with the problem of designing a new front to the old regional palace at Vicenza, he solved it by surrounding the old great hall with an arcade in two stories, in which the bays were nearly square and the arches were carried on smaller columns that stood free between the larger engaged columns separating the bays. It was this bay design which gave rise to the term Palladian arch or Palladian motif, and has been used ever since for an arched opening supported on columns and flanked by two narrow square-headed openings of the same height as the columns.- Professor Talbot Hamlin The success of this design not only influenced the elegant Palladian window we use today, but it also established Palladios career during what became known as the High Renaissance. The building itself is now known as theBasilica Palladiana. By the 1540s, Palladio was using classical principles to design a series of country villas and urban palaces for the nobility of Vicenza. One of his most famous is Villa Capra (1571), also known as the Rotunda, which was modeled after the Roman Pantheon (126 A.D.). Palladio also designed Villa Foscari (or La Malcontenta) near Venice. In the 1560s he began work on religious buildings in Venice. The great basilica San Giorgio Maggiore is one of Palladios most elaborate works. 3 Ways Palladio Influenced Western Architecture Palladian Windows: You know youre famous when everyone knows your name. One of the many architectural features inspired by Palladio is the popular Palladian window, readily used and misused in todays upscale suburban neighborhoods. Writing: Using the new technology of movable type, Palladio published a guide to the classical ruins of Rome. In 1570, he published his masterwork: I Quattro Libri dell Architettura, or The Four Books of Architecture. This important book outlined Palladios architectural principles and provided practical advice for builders. Detailed woodcut images of Palladios drawings illustrate the work. Residential Architecture Transformed: American statesman and architect Thomas Jefferson borrowed Palladian ideas from Villa Capra when he designed Monticello (1772), Jeffersons home in Virginia. Palladio brought columns, pediments, and domes to all of our domestic architecture, making our 21st century homes like temples. Author Witold Rybczynski writes: There are lessons here for anyone building a house today: instead of concentrating on increasingly refined details and exotic materials, focus instead on spaciousness. Make things longer, wider, taller, slightly more generous than they have to be. You will be repaid in full.- The Perfect House Palladios architecture has been called timeless. Stand in a room by Palladio- writes  Jonathan Glancey, architecture critic for The Guardian, any formal room will do- and you will experience the feeling, both calming and elevating, of being centred not just in architectural space, but in yourself. This is how architecture should make you feel. Sources Villa Trissino a Cricoli at visitpalladio.com [accessed November 28, 2016]The stonecutter who shook the world by  Jonathan Glancey, The Guardian, January 4, 2009 [accessed August 23, 2017]The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, Third Edition, Penguin, 1980, pp. 235-236Architecture through the Ages by Talbot Hamlin, Putnam, Revised 1953, p. 353The Perfect House by Witold Rybcznski, Scribner, 2002, p. 221

Summary Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Term Paper Example Bartlett, in the article, addresses the issue of the serious rift evident in ethical view of in theoretical terms and manner in which employees follow the theories in real management situations while applying ethics. Ethical theory has its base upon moral theory used to define it. According to Bartlett, decision makers tend to embrace business ethics based on motivational elements. This suggests that level to which ethic receives recognition depends on the motivational elements outlined in the expectancy theory. Several business ethics researchers show failure while formulating and defining their research agenda. In defining their agenda for research, misconception occurs when business ethics researchers do not adequately relate personal values to the course of moral reasoning. By that, business ethics researchers fail to recognize and integrate the role of cognitive process in moral reasoning, which is essential in ensuring business ethics at the workplace. The researchers, therefore, alienate the role of reasoning which is intermediary. Bartlett gives proposals that would help ensure a harmony between the theoretical and practical views of business ethics. These aims at addressing the theory-practice rift existing in the management of business ethics. Bartlett notes that, despite the study of business ethics in philosophies and psychology that promotes morality, business ethics application in real situations remains a challenging issues to many people. The approaches used in the learning of seem to fail in their application, in real life scenarios. Suggestions that bring out the possibility of achieving a narrowing down of the gap would see compatibility of the two concepts. Appreciation of the variability between real life situations in management and theory by researchers is fundamental. Recognition of the complexity is of immense importance. This would enable business ethics researchers come up with frameworks of

Case Study in Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Case Study in Human resource management - Essay Example This is why human resources should not be treated like physical, financial and technological resources. Every worker has needs, aspirations and expectations which he likes to be fulfilled at the place of work. It is the duty of management to provide opportunities to the workers to satisfy their needs and aspirations. The worker does not merely sell his services. He is a human being and wants good human relations at the work place where he spends between seven to eight hours every day. Good human relations are not created automatically. Deliberate efforts are required by the management to build and maintain good relations in industry. â€Å"Management must recognize the right of expression of the workers and give them adequate opportunity to have a say in the management of affairs, directly affecting their lives.† (Dr. Balu, V. R. 2002. (P.1-2, 5-10, 343, 346)). Thus, management of personnel or human resources encompasses not only the process of employment, training and development, communication, appraisal etc., but also achieving good industrial relations, which is a pre-requi site to sustain, which are higher productivity. Here, Grimshawls Quality Textiles, the clothing company has a reasonable reputation as a local employer. Their rates of pay are good for the area and they maintain an unproblematic industrial relations record through a most scientific and modern HRM practices because all these issues have to do with personal and industrial relations. In the textile company, the affairs were managed by the Managing Director and his Personal Assistant. The PA keeps the personal records of all employees in the company and the MD has published a number of personal policies to cover absence, discipline and regulation in the workplace. â€Å"The employees work behaviour, to great extent, will be affected by the work environment and the working conditions, such as working environment of

Virtual Library Services for Distance Learners A Study on the Essay

Virtual Library Services for Distance Learners A Study on the Importance and Accessibility of the Support Services Available - Essay Example About 75% of colleges and universities in the United States currently offer distance learning courses at some level, with another 10% of medium and large sized institutions intending to do so in the future (Connick, 1999). According to the Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications in 2001, "The number of universities in the United States offering online degree courses would be an estimated 34% in the year 2002." Therefore, it is imperative that library resources and services in institutions of higher education meet the needs of all their students, wherever these students are located -- whether on a main campus, off campus, or in distance education programs. Higher learning institutions are able to describe the nature of change for distance learner's library needs, but seem less prepared to describe what changes are needed. College and university librarians are acutely aware that usage of their websites and electronic resources is growing. They observe that, since distance learners need electronic library resources, knowledge about the needs of their student users is limited (Kirby, 1999). As Pennsylvania State University ascertains, "A virtual library is a collection of information that is stored and accessed electronically. The information stored in the library should have a topic common to all the data" (2001). For example, a virtual library can be designed for computer graphics, operating systems, or networks. These separate libraries can be combined under one common interface that deals with computers, but it is essential that the information contained within each library remain separate. The purpose of a virtual library is to provide a central location for accessing information on a particular topic. The last thing a user wants to happen when he/she searches for information about computer graphics is to get information on operating systems. A virtual library must keep topics separate; otherwise it would be totally useless. A virtual library should also have a user interface that is easy to use. Definitions of distance learning vary. According to LaSalle University, in its simplest terms, distance learning takes place when the student and instructor are separated by physical distance (2005). The terms distance education and open learning are synonymous with distance learning. Distributed learning is another synonym, usually referring more specifically to programs where courses are taught online, and collaboration and virtual interaction among students in the same course are encouraged (Connick, 1999). For purposes of this study, distance learning and distance education will be used synonymously to mean that the student and the instructional source are separated by physical distance, that they may interact synchronously or asynchronously, and that course delivery methods include the use of various kinds of current technology. Virtual library and digital library also will be used synonymously to mean that a collection of information is stored and accessed electronically. The profile of a distance learner is one of an older person compared to an average person at conventional colleges and university. Thompson (1998) cites several studies that corroborate that the average age of distance learners lies

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Pulau Pinang or Penang is one of the unique and attractive places in Malaysia with its many cultures which make Penang one of tourists favorite places and tourists attractions. Basically, Penang is famous for their food, religions, cultures and tourism site. According to the UNESCO Worlds Heritage Site of Georgetown says that there are many religions, cultures and foods in Penang, therefore they can blend it well together to make Penang one of the well known states in Malaysia [1]. There is press statement by YB Danny Law Heng Kiang the Penang State Exco for Tourism Development and Culture said that Penang is ranked in the third place under Kuala Lumpur, and Genting Highland (Pahang) for their tourism destination in Malaysia [1]. At first, Malacca is on top of Penang as tourism destination because they receive approximately 8.9 million tourist arrival in the year 2009. Unfortunately, that statement by Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen may be a mistake because as we can see from the table 2, Penang has more tourists arrival compare to Malacca [1]. According Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Penang is an island with an area of 108 sq mi/280 sq km and it is known as one of the busiest ports in the past and it is located in the straits of Malacca, on the North-West Coast of Malaysia. Penang is very famous for their beautiful beaches and islands, foods, cultural, religions and many more [2]. During 16th century, Portuguese merchants Penang was travel from Goa (India) to Far East search for spices, fresh water so they stopped in Penang. In 1786, Penang was very popular among the pirates because they steal ships that cross along Straits of Malacca. At one point, Penang became popular in 18th century and at the same time, Captain Francis Light enter to Penang and start to have good relationship with the locals and also the Sultan of Kedah in 1771. Unfortunately, at that moment itself Sultan of Kedah handed Penang to Captain Francis Light in order to get protection against the threats of Burmese and Siamese. After that, they called Penang as Prince of Wales Island and after the settlement; Sultan Abdullah found out that he is being cheated by the British by not willing to offer protection thus he gathered his army to retake Penang. Lastly, after extensive years of struggling between the locals and the British, Malaysia achieves independence in 31st August 1957 and Penang is one of the 13 states. Penang now is known as Pulau Pinang [3]. What is the Culture in Penang? The cultures in Penang are very unique and most of the tourists interested to know more about Penangs culture. In 2008, the population is Penang approximately 2 million on the island and 1 million is in Seberai Prai which consists of 42% Chinese, 41% Malay, 10% for Indian and also 5% for the Peranakan or Baba Nyonya. Baba Nyonyas culture in Penang is different from Malacca. Baba Nyonyas in Malacca can speak fluent Malay whereby in Penang, the Baba Nyonyas speaks mixture of Hokkien, Malay and English and most of the Baba Nyonyas in Penang still practice their Chinese religion and ancestral worshipping [4]. Basically, language that being spoken in Penang is Malay language whereby English and the Chinese (Hokkien) also being spoken widely in Penang. And lastly the Tamil language is being spoken by the tamils among their community. Next is the religion in Penang which most of the people believes such as Buddhist, Islam, Hindu, Christian, and many more. Basically, Buddhism is one of the main religions in Penang whereby Islam still the official religion of the state. As you can see that Penangs culture is a mixture of Malay, Chinese Indian and it is very interesting for tourists attractions [4]. Furthermore, Penang is famous for their food and this is one of the Penangs cultures. The food in Penang can easily get almost everywhere and anytime in Penang. According the time magazine in 2004, Penang has been the best street food in Asia. Penang is the only place to find such a wonderful, tasty and nice food and also it is so cheap compared to Kuala Lumpur and sometimes people called Penang is the food heaven to eat. The food in Penang is an assortment of Chinese, Nyonya, Malay, India, Thai cuisine. There in Penang also famous for the hawkers food which they sell and served by the road side [4]. Besides that, one of the reason why Penang famous is because they have various of events and festivals that they celebrates such as Penang International Dragon Boat Festival, Chin-gay, Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Thaipusam, Chinese New Year, Hungry Ghost Festival and many more. These festivals would attract many tourists from all over the world to come and experience throughout the festivals. Moreover, it would be nice if tourists from Malaysia or outside Malaysia to give support and celebrates together in these interesting events. The international dragon boat festival usually held around June and July during the school holidays. Chingay is one of the famous cultural events in penang because it is being celebrated because of the birthday of Kuan Yin or the Goodness of Mercy. Normally, this event is being celebrated every year and attracts tourists as far from United States, Japan, South Africa and also Netherlands. Chingay festival is a parade which teams of people wil l show their skills at balancing 40 foot bamboo flagpoles on their body such as heads, shoulder, hands, and knees. And lastly, Pesta Pulau Pinang is one of the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. Pesta Pulau Pinang is a carnival that being celebrated in December and it always be lively, happening and colorful carnival every year. There would have a lots of activity includes open air concerts, variety shows, food bazaars, fun fairs, pet shows, exhibitions, games and many more [5]. What is an event? Basically events is about to have a particular function or to inform our guest that when some exciting things is going to happen and going to celebrate. For example, book launches weddings, concerts, carnivals and many more. It is more like a preparations for that particular functions to make it runs smoothly and beautifully. It starts from the PA systems, music, VIP rooms, foods, red carpet, guests and many more [6]. Cultural events that being celebrated by in Penang Penang is famous for their cultures, ethnicities, foods and festivals. Penangs has so many events and festivals that being celebrated throughout the year. Hence, the entire tourist from every parts of the world celebrates together with colorful happenings events in Penang. There are few festivals that being celebrated by all races in Penang such As Chinese New Year, International Dragon Boat Festival, Penang Beach Carnival, Penang Cultural Festival, Malaysia Festival and Pesta Pulau Festivals. The purpose all these festivals are held because is to gather everyone and celebrates the harmonious and unique multi culture in Penang. Many activities are held on the festivals example fashion parades, inter-hotel competition, performance, sell handicrafts, and many more [7]. 1.2 The Problem Statement The purpose of me choosing this topic is because as we can see Penang is developing to one of the leading tourism states. Cultural and events tourism is a product which is difficult to be tested first before use, so by having the cultural events in Penang can also gives Penang recognition as a world heritage site and will be portraying the cultural diversity of Penang. On top of that, by having cultural events and festivals in Penang can analyze the number of tourists inbounds to Penang. Besides that, tourists can come over and try to experience and spread the news to everyone out there about the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. There are few popular cultural events that being celebrated such as Thaipusam, Chap Goh Meh, St. Annes festival, hungry ghost festival and many more. Basically, Penang is famous for their cultural diversity where they preserve their own traditions and performing arts. On top of that, Penang has own tradition of street culture, cel ebrations, festivals, and ethnic groups and it will be the most unforgettable moments for the tourists who come and experience the festivals. Lastly, the Visit Calendar 2010 has their plans to make Penang as the active tourism sector. Research Objectives/ Aims The objective of this proposal is: To analyze the number of tourists inbounds to Penang during the cultural events celebration. To unite all people together to celebrate cultural events in Penang to support the slogan Satu Malaysia. To investigate the number of tourists that visit Penang according their nationalities. To determine the most favorable cultural events to the least popular and why? To study the revenue or loses generated by tourists as to the cost incurred by the state government to these events. By accumulating these results, we can determine whether to sustain, preserve or to promote cultural events or festivals for the coming years. Research Questions What are the number of tourists inbound to Penang in the 2009? Should Ministry of Tourism Malaysia encourage more cultural events celebrations in order to give Penang recognition as a world heritage site? Should we preserve, promote and sustain our cultural events in Penang in order to pull more tourists from all over the world? What the pull factors are for tourists to visits Penang every year? Hypothesis Statement Hypothesis statement for this topic would be that Penangs culture has a unique attribute that brings people together by having cultural events and festivals throughout the year. To boast those cultural events and festivals requires financial capital, intellectual capital, cultural capital and also social capital to run the events [8]. The existence of cultural events makes people understand other peoples culture better so that they can understand one and another as well as supporting our Malaysias motto which is Satu Malaysia. According to Datuk Lim Guan Eng, the Chief Minister of Penang says that they have to give 100% commitment to protect, preserve, sustain and promote the cultural events in Penang so that it can bring the people together and unite the culture and celebrate it collectively. These would reflect the multiracial people and well preserve culture and heritage which is being listed in UNESCO World Cultural and Heritage Site lately [9]. In the past 6 years, there were twelve countries affected by Tsunami disaster on 26th September 2004 and one of the countries is Malaysia. There were two states in Malaysia was affected by Tsunami which is Penang and Kedah. Both these areas lost everything during the tsunami disasters. At that time, most of the people or tourists are in fear for travelling to other countries. Most of the fishermans village in Kedah is destroyed by the tsunami. On top of that, Penangs tourism slightly decline due to this unwanted disaster. The Government, Corporate, NGOs, and also individuals contribute millions of dollars to help the victims accommodation, medical and many more [9]. Furthermore, there was a change in politics, economy and society due to the tsunami disaster. Penangs economy slightly decline because lacking of tourists from outside and inside the country. Tourists afraid to come and visits Penang thus not much activity or celebrations can we held during that particular period of timer [9]. As we know that the mass media plays important roles in promoting any advertisement doesnt matter in the website or in the daily newspaper. By promoting and advertise something in the website or newspaper, radio, television and so forth may increase the number of tourists who come to Penang. This is one of the strategies to pull tourists to come to Penang after the Tsunamis tragedy. There are some advertisements that may push tourists out of their state or country to come to Penang by having Cheap Air Flight to Penang inclusive Hotel Rooms. For example, in figure 1.0 and figure 1.1 show that Air Asia offer or promotes cheap flight tickets inclusive a room for the tourists as below as Rm1.00 [10]. Tourists can choose to fly either Penang, Kuching, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. The travelling period for the tourists is at any time in July 1st 2011 to November 10th 2011. This is because we want more tourists to come to Penang for vacation and also at the same time we can promote differ ent cultural events and festivals that are being celebrating every month [10]. Furthermore, Penang State Tourism is promoting their state as by the campaign goes Visit Penang 2010-1012. So there are many kinds of activities and events is held for example Esplanade in Action- an Evening of Cultural Performance, Penang Sakura Blossom, Chinese New Year cruise-Lili Marleen and many more. Besides that, the food is one of the attractions besides cultural events in Penang for example, Thai Food Fiesta 2010, Penang Durian and Fruits Festivals, Pesta Pulau Pinang and many more. According to Natalie Lee, one of the students from University New South Wales stated that Facebook is one of the top growing social networking in the world nowadays which has more than 140 million users in the whole world. It allows us to find and communicate with our friends and share photos, promoting tourism sites and many more. Penang promotes their tourism sites through Facebook, websites, blogs and many more to pull tourists from every parts of the world. They can share photos, promote hotel rooms, flight tickets to Penang, and update latest events in penang and promote it to all their family members, friends and many more. It is one of the best ways to promote Penang to outsiders [11]. . Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Theoretical framework As what I have showed the conceptual framework below shows that the research is focus more on the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. It will be scoped into structural support and cultural infrastructure/ spaces for the cultural events. Next under structural support diagram it will be divided into few points such as handling promotions, ticketing, licensing, printing and distribution of flyers. Besides that, for the cultural infrastructure / spaces will be divided into two main points which is cultural hub and also communities. At the top part of the framework shows that some of the events and festivals that is being celebrated by all races in Penang. Cultural festivals that being celebrated in Penang is Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hungry Ghost Festival, Chingay, Bon Odori and many more. The purpose of celebrating these festivals is because to sustain and promote the cultural events in Penang thus promote it to tourists from every parts of the world. For the second phase of the framework, is the cultural infrastructure and spaces which can be divided into two parts which is cultural hub and communities. According to S.B.Tan, Professor School Of Art, University Sains Malaysia says that the cultural hub, is basically where the performances or festivals is going to carried out, for example museums, restaurants, and many more. Whereby, for the communities are basically about where the festivals or events should should be placed in areas where most of the people live,for example city in Georgetown or Balik Pulau. It would be much easier for the people in Penang to travel to those particular places to celebrate the events [12]. Moving on, on the third phase is the structural support for example handling promotion, ticketing, licensing, distribution flyers and printing. Scope and Limitations The scope for this study is mainly based on the Tourism Industry in Penang that is rapidly growing in this 21st century. The importance of this sector to the Malaysias economy is to pull more tourists to come and visits Penang through the 3 years campaign of the state government by promoting their VisitPenang 2010- 2012 [13]. According to hotel statistics, in 2008 [14], Penang received 6.3 million tourist inbounds excluding the excursionist who arrive on cruise or live with their family and friends. The figure is higher than previous year which is 5.1 million. Penang State Governments has a mission to target 10 million tourists in 2014 which is 4 years from now. Penangs most profitable income earner comes from tourism sector after manufacturing. According to Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, the number of local and international tourists arrivals in Penang in 2005 is 48% international tourists whereby for the locals is 52% which comes up 4, 351,909 tourists overall. Every year, the numb er slightly increased doesnt matter it is international tourists nor local people. Regrettably, in 2009 the number of tourists declined sharply which is from 6,307,468 in 2008 but unfortunately in 2009, the number has dropped to 1,347,356 overall totals. Penang this is because Penang focuses more on developing medical tourism and eco-tourism in this few years [13]. This study will look at the statistics rate or the number of tourists come and visits Penang to celebrates and experience the cultural events and festivals thus food as well. There were limitation sources to find for this topic. To find for data and informations, researcher using Google Scholar with journals, articles, Pdftop.com, Kdu Library and online book. Some of the journals and articles need to be purchased or log in as a member in order to read the articles and journals. 1.8 Significance of the study Significance of studying this topic is to analyze the number of tourists inbounds in Penang during the cultural events celebrations whether it gives impacts towards Penangs economy or local environment. Besides that, it is important for us to know what is Penangs mission and target for the tourism sector. Currently, Penang is being ranked at no.4 in foreign and domestic tourists arrivals in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur, Pahang and Sabah. YB Danny Law Heng Kiang, Chairman for the State Tourism Development Culture, Arts, and Heritage says that he really hopes one day Penang would be No.1 or No.2 in foreign and domestics tourists arrivals in Malaysia. According to statistics, the number of hotel guests is increasing rapidly from 68.8 million in 2008 compared to 61.6 in 2007 especially during the cultural events and festivals that being celebrated every month. It shows that the graph for tourism sector will increase every year [15]. Chapter 2 2.1 Literature Review Definition of cultural events Events are something that happens at a given place. An event is one of the top growing tourism industries and also most thrilling and yet it is connected to leisure. One of the reason why so many countries keeps on promoting their events so that they can pull more tourists from every parts of the world to come and visits their country. Basically, an event is more to persuade tourists to come or participate during their events and also can makes them stay longer in that particular area. According to Getz, events are one of the important roles in tourism industry because it can attract more tourists thus to fill up their free during their visits to that particular country (1991). Most of the tourists expects for festivals, events or attractions in a tourism destination. Events or festivals also can intensify tourists experience and perhaps can make tourists stay longer thus persuade them to extend their holidays in particular tourism destinations (Getz, 1991). Cultural events basically are for religious, public events such as arts, performances, crafts demonstrations, and many more (Richards, 1996).All the small towns are actively has cultural events for profit, or to boost the tourism industry (Goldblatt, 2002). Most of the tourists are attracted to unique cultural events and somehow they will participate when the event is held. Organizers would make the cultural events livelier to ensure that the tourists meet their satisfaction during the festivals thus to make sure that they gets more profit from the tourists. Why is it so because to increase the tourism industry and to promote our country to worldwide. 2.2 Statistics Rate Tourists Come to Penang Statistics plays important role in counting the number of tourists inbounds in Penang 2005 2009. How many tourists have been visiting Penang? To calculate and determine the actual statistics requires big costs of money to collect data, to analyze and to present it to the state government. The number of tourists visiting Penang announced by the Tourism Ministry is based on immigration cards filled with their profiles at the by visitors and have to show it at the port of entry. Tourists are freely to move everywhere within the country unless visitors did bad mistakes. According to Penang State Government, Penang has their own statistics rate number of international and local tourists arrivals in Penang in 2005 to march 2009. Within these 5 years, overall total number of tourists either locals or international is about 21, 881,848 people arrived in Penang .In 2005 the local tourists arrival is about 2,267532 people whereby the international tourists approximately about 2,084,377 people. Furthermore, the overall total number of tourists in 2006 is about 4,688,504 people which are in percentages 54% of local tourists and 46% of international visitors. Moving on, the overall total number of tourists arrivals in Penang in 2007 has increasing compared to year before which is 2006 which is 5,186,611 tourists. Among the 5 years between 2005- 2009, the highest amount of tourists arrival is in 2008 which is 6,307,468 visitors in percentages it would be 55% for the locals and 45% for the international tourists inbounds in Penang. Finally, in 2009 the total n umber of tourists inbounds in Penang was sharply dropped from 6,307,468 tourists in previous year whereby in 2009 the overall total number of tourists is 1,347,356 visitors arrivals in Penang (2010). As stated by the Tourism Minister, Datuk Seri Ng Yen Yen, tourists arrivals in 2009 has dropped from 6,307,468 to 1,347,356 tourists due to the Influenza a (H1N1) scare. On the other hand, international tourists from Europe and United Kingdom remained the same. She stated that the tourists are safe as health authorities helps to prevent the spread of the disease towards the tourists. On top of that, Datuk Ng.Yen Yen had a discussion with the directors of 44 Tourism Malaysia regarding promotional plans to persuade tourists to visits Malaysia because Malaysia is one of the countries safe from Influenza H1N1 (Bernama). As mentioned earlier, Malacca overtakes Penang as tourists destination in 2009. Statistics shows that tourists arrival in Penang dropped from 6.3 million in 2008 to 1.3 million in 2009. Compared Penang to Malacca, Penang has a lot and good accessibility and products for example foods, beaches, cultures, and many more. Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen strictly wants the state government to do something in order to increase more tourists in 2010. She suggested that Penang has a potential to become one of the countrys leading tourists destination because Penang has 191 flights from 12 international airlines flying in Penang. Besides that, she recommend that state government should put more initiative in hiring well-trained tourists guides which experts in the field of Penang history and heritage. These tour guides, service counters, and restaurant employees should know very well and are able to share the history and stories behind heritage buildings. In this way, we can give the visitors speci al services and make them satisfy during their visits to Penang (Y.Y.Ng, Nov, 2010). 2.3 The Economic and Social cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang According to Gawler Visitor Information Centre, cultural events is one of the most exciting festival celebrations that can pulls many tourists from every parts of the world to make revenues in the economy of tourism industry . On top of that, behind the significant of cultural events, it has its economic and also socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. There are few factors will indicate the economic and socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. Economic impacts on cultural events in Penang As stated above, there are few factors that show the economic impacts on cultural events in Penang and it can be divided into negative and positive. Negative economic impacts on cultural events in Penang are the revenue or loses generated by tourists as to the cost incurred by the state government to these events. According to Priscilla, Penang tourism sector requires approximately RM 50 million for tourism in Penang. Based on 2008 statistics, there were 6.3 million tourists arrivals in Penang and as what the Chief Minister said that RM 500,000 is not enough for the tourism to conduct an activities and events especially which is connected to the infrastructure, promotions, and also improving the facilities (2010). The RM 50 million are required in order to have events, festivals, upgrading the quality of beaches and many more as now Penang is the third highest contribution state in tourism sector. According to Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, in 2009, the tourists arrivals in Penang has dropped to 1.3 million due to the influenza H1N1 thus there were loses generated by tourists as to the high amount of cost incurred by the state government to these tourism sector (2010). The money that they use to upgrading the facilities, promotions, events and festivals is not balance with how much money the tourists spend during their visits to Penang thus it would be a lose for Penang. The positive economy impacts on cultural impacts in Penang are can increase the tourism economy and society development in Penang (Jafari, 2000). Positive impacts on cultural events in Penang would be the job opportunities in Penang. In 2008, hotels in Penang received approximately 6.3 million tourists which are locals and also international compared to 2007 about 5.1 million tourists arrivals in Penang. The statistics shows that there was slightly increase of 1.2 million visitors arrivals which would indicate that there are so many job opportunities out there for the people who really need to w ork (Administrator III, 2009). This is say that they need more labors to work in such places like hotels, restaurants, tour guides, and many more. Moving on, in 2010, Penang Tourism Minister target 10 million tourists arrivals in 2014. Indirectly says that they need more employment to work in this industry (Administrator III, 2010). Socio Cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang In this part of literature review, one of the socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang is diplomatic relations. According to The Star Online, Penang Government and Russian Embassy are thinking to organize a Russian cultural event every year in order to remembrance of the Russian battleship (Zhemchug) close by Penang coast during the World War. Vorobyeva Lyudmila Georgievna the new Russian ambassador said that their sailors weve been buried in Western Cemetery on Jalan Utama in Penang Island and Pulau Jerejak. Besides that, she also expresses her gratitude to Penang State because the help to clean and uphold those 12 sailors that have been buried in Western Cemetery. Furthermore, she spoke to Datuk Seri Lim Guan Eng and said that it would be much better to organize a Russian cultural event in Penang every year. She suggests that the Russian cultural event would have interesting Russian folk performances, classical, Russian music, and also Russian food as well. Thus, Malaysi a can have bond relationships Russian and with the Russian cultural event it would help to encourage more Russian tourists to come to Penang in the future (2010). Conclusion In conclusion, cultural events are one of the pull factors to bring in tourists from every parts of the world regardless the international or the local tourists. To have such cultural events or festivals can increase our economy in tourism sector thus Penang can be one of the states to be recognize internationally with the uniqueness and amazing beaches, nice foods, great heritage and many more. The existence of cultural events can also promote and bond relationships between the locals and visitors by having lots of activities and know how to appreciate different cultures, religion and race. Chapter 3 Research design and methodology 3.1 Overview In Chapter 3, there will be 5 main points to highlight in this sample proposal. In the first part of this topic is the general idea on the research design and methodology. Next, it is the elaboration about the introduction of the research proposal. Basically, it talks about the purpose of doing this topic and explanation about the cultural events that s being celebrated by all races in Penang. Moving on, there will be a research design in this chapter 3 such as investigating the population and the sampling techniques that is going to apply. After that, it will be explanation regarding the procedures of data collection and data analysis which will be divided into 2 sections which is primary data and secondary data. And lastly, there will be a short explanation about the questionnaires design. Reff Administrator III (2009) boost in Penang tourists arrivals http://www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/539-boost-in-penang-tourist-arrivals.html Administrator III (2010) Speech by The Rt Hon Mr Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang- Launch of the Penang Investment Tourism Office (PITO), Singapore http://www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/1187-speech-by-the-rt-hon-mr-lim-guan-eng-chief-minister-of-penang-launch-of-the-penang-investment-tourism-office-pito-singapore.html PRISCILLA DIELENBERG (2010) CM: Penang needs RM50mil for tourism http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nationfile=/2010/4/18/nation/20100418170830 Ministry of tourism Malaysia (2010)NUMBER OF TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM TEN LEADING COUNTRIES TRANSITING THROUGH PENANG AIRPORT 2004 2008 http://www.penang.gov.my/index.php?ch=16pg=44lang=eng Jafari, J. (2000). APEC international tourism symposium: the scientification of tourism. 65 Korea Tourism Policy, summer, Vol.2, No.3, 56-59. Seoul: Korea tourism Research Institute (KTRI). http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2002/2002kwonh.pdf Tourism facts sheet gawler visitor tourism centre http://www.gawler.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism.PDF The star online (2010) Annual Russian fest proposed http://thestar.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2010/11/6/north/7320843sec=north

Pearl Harbor :: American History World War 2 WWII

Of the years following the arrival of Captain James Cook, Pearl Harbor was not considered a suitable harbor due to shallow water. The interest of the United States Government in the Sandwich Islands followed the adventurous voyages of its whaling and trading ships in the Pacific. As early as 1820, an "Agent of the United States for Commerce and Seamen" was appointed to look after American business in the Port of Honolulu. With the cementing of commercial ties with the American continent, another factor to be considered was the endeavors of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. This was particularly true when the American missionaries and their families became an integral part of the Hawaiian body politic. With the exception of a few episodes, American prestige tended to increase in the islands. One of these was the affair of Lieutenant John Percival in 1826 which illustrates some of the high-handed tactics of that time. When his ship, USS Dolphin, had arrived in Honolulu, an ordinance had just been passed, inspired by the missionaries, placing restrictions on the sale of alcoholic liquors and the taking of women aboard vessels in the Honolulu Harbor. Lieutenant Percival and members of his crew felt that the new vice laws were unfair and with more than a mere threat of force had them rescinded. This act, it must be said, was later renounced by the United States and resulted in the sending of an envoy to King Kauikeaouli. When Captain Thomas ap Catesby Jones arrived, in command of the USS Peacock, he was the first naval officer to visit Hawaii armed with instructions to discuss international affairs with the Hawaii King and Chiefs, and to conclude a trade treaty. In spite of the Percival incident, American influence in the islands was steadily increasing. Throughout the 1820's and 1830's, many American warships visited Honolulu. In most cases the commanding officers carried letters with them from the U.S. Government; all sympathetically friendly toward the Hawaiian sovereign and, as a rule, giving advice concerning the conduct of governmental affairs and of the relations of the island nation with foreign powers. In 1841, the weekly periodical, Polynesian, printed in Honolulu, advocated editorially that the U.S. establish a naval base in Hawaii. Its pretext was the protection of the interest of American citizens engaged in the whaling industry. The pro-British Hawaiian minister, R.C. Wyllie, remarked in 1840 that ". .